Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary/ Adenohypophysis
Hormones of Adenohypophysis
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target: Thyroid Gland
Effect: regulates metabolic rate; prompts thyroid gland to release Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACH)
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Effect: signals the adrenal cortex to release stress hormone called glucocorticoids
Follicle- Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Target: Gonads
Effect: Females- triggers ovulation, estrogen and progesteron hormones; Males-testosterone
Growth Hormone (GH)
Target: Epiphyseal plates & Body Cells
Effect: stimulates growth of bones @ epiphyseal plates; stimulates cells to make protein
Prolactin (PRL)
Target: Mammary Glands
Effect: prompts mammary glands to make milk
Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Target: Melanocytes
Effect: In fetuses only, it stimulates melanocytes in the skin to darken skin pigmentation
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Neurohypophysis
Hormones of The Posterior Pituitary/ Neurohypophysis
Hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Target: Kidneys & Arterioles
Effect: Stimulates kidneys to reclaim water; Raises blood pressure
Oxytocin
Target: Uterus & Mammary Glands
Effect: prompts contraction of smooth muscle in reproductive tract; initiates labor; ejection of milk from breasts
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Hormones of the Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormone (TH) & Calcitonin
Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Target: All Body Cells
Effect: Sets basal metabolic rate; protein synthesis
Goiter
effect of hyperthyroidism when there is insufficient amount of iodine in the diet. the thyroid gland enlarges
Calcitonin
Target: Osteoclasts in bone and Kidneys
Effect: depresses calcium levels; slows osteoclasts activity; inhibits reabsorption of calcium from urine
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Target: Bone; Kidney; GI Tract
Effect: Raises calcium levels in your blood
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas Hormones
Insulin & Glucagen
Insulin Hormone
Target: Body Cells
Effect: signals most body cells to take up glucose from the blood; lowers blood sugar
Hyperglycemia
a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma
Diabetes Mellitus
caused by insufficient secretion of insulin or resistance of body cells to the effects of insulin. as a result glucose cannot enter most cells so blood sugar remains high and glucose appears in abundant in urine.
Glucagon
Target: Liver
Effect: signals liver to release glucose from glycogen; raises blood pressure
Adrenal glands
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex
Secretes Cortisol & Aldosterone
Adrenal Cortex 3 Zones
1. Zona glomerulosa (most superficial)
2. Zona fasciculata
3. Zona reticularis
Adrenal Medulla
Secretes catecholamines (amino acids- norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Ovaries
Secretes Estrogen and Progesterone
Estrogen
Target: Uterus
Effect: maintains secondary sex characteristics; signals uterine repair after period
Progesterone
Target: Uterus
Effect: prepares uterus for pregnancy
Testes
Testes
Secretes Testosterone
Testosterone
Target: Promotes formation of secondary sex characteristics; promotes formation of sperm
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries
Testis
Testis
Ovaries
Ovaries