Cytology
science of cell structure and function
-depends on body size
-50 to 100 trillion cells, 200 types
Metabolism
cellular function
-nutrients
-oxygen
-ability to eliminate wastes
Cells
the most basic unit of human life
-alive, most reproduce, most live in a liquid environment
Plasma (cell) Membrane
protective barrier on outside of the cell; pliable with small holes (permeability for metabolic processes)
Cytoplasm
in between cell membrane and nucleus
-cytsol
-contains cellular materials (organelles)
-delivers nutrients and waste products
Cytosol
clear, thick, elastic fluid; blood of cell
Nucleus
control center of a cell; controls chemical and reproductive activities
Basal
base
Apical
apex
Exocytosis
moves substances from cytoplasm outside the cell
Passive
doesn't require energy
Active
does require energy
Endocytosis
moves large particles or fluid into the cell
Phagocytosis
moving large particles into cell
Pinocytosis
moving fluid into cell
Mitosis
growth and replacement of damaged or worn cells; 100 billion cells replaced each day
45 days
How long does it take to get a whole new set of skin?
Epidermal, hemopoietic, lining of gastrointestinal tract
What cells do you constantly regain?
Liver and kidneys
What cells do you regain as needed?
Muscle, Nerve
What cells do you never regain?
Hypertrophy
more, stronger, bigger (cellular adaptation)
Atrophy
smaller, weaker (cellular adaptation)
Benign
slow contained growth, better kind; stays in one place
Malignant
rapid growth with possibility of spreading; worse, bigger, more aggressive, spreads faster
Neoplasm
new growth; uncontrolled growth resulting in tumors
Metastasize
cancer gets in body (bloodstream) and spreads
Natural Chemicals
Environmental Pollutants
35% of cancers result from what?
2% of cancers come from what?