The layer of dividing cell at the base of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum
bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely
appositionla ossification
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
tropomyosin
an elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cell that function in calcium storage
sacroplasmic reticulum
all of the following are true of epidermal ridges
extend into the dermis,
cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin,
produce patterns that are determined gradually
, interconnect with the dermal papillae
Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?
mature bone cell
ceruminous glands
are exocrine in mature
are present in passage ways of eternal ears
these are modified sebaceous glands
produce secretions called cerumen or wax
angerhan cells are found in
stratum spinosum
when contraction occurs
the h and i bands get smaller
the z lines mover closer
the width of the a band remain constant
zone of overlap move closer together
Cells that secrete the organic compooblastsnents of the bone matrix are called
osteocytes.
chondrocytes.
osteoblasts.
osteoprogenitor cells.
osteoclasts.
osteoblast
if osteoclast are more active than osteoblast, bone will become
osteopenic
If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
negative
If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
polarized
negative
positive
neutral
deficit positive
postive
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by ________. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by _________
schwann cells : oligodendrocytes
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse:
2. Sodium channels are open and sodium ions diffuse inward
1. the membrane becomes depolarized
4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
3. the membrane becomes repolarized
45) At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its Na-K ion exchange pump transports
3 intralcellular sodium ions and 2 extracellular potassium ions
during the cori cycle
glucose is produced from lactic acid
ependymal cells work to
secrete CSF into the ventricles
synovial membrane are found in joint cavities
...
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.
papillary
2) The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus, is:
E) stratified squamous epithelium
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
a basal lamina
Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed ________ perspiration
insensible
glands, such as the thyroid that secret their product directly into the blood rather than through classified as
endocrine
elevated level of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone______
calcitonin
Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called
desmosomes
what the of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?
hyaline cartilage
the uppermost layer of skin is
full of keratin
melanocytes are found in
stratum basale
creatine phosphate
acts as an energy receive in muscle tissue
For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via
gap junction
which type of connective tissue is avascular
cartilage
How does temporal summation create an action potential?
Two or more postsynaptic potentials are generated in rapid succession at the same synapse before they can dissipate, thereby exceeding threshold.
After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
rigor mortis
The two components of the integumentary system are the
cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.
apocrine gland
Which of the following potentials has an all-or-none response
action potential
Which of the following was derived from a hematopoetic stem cell
osteoclast
seconday ossification center occurs
in the epiphyses
Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways,
A)stimulates osteoclast activity.
B) increases the rate of calcium absorption.
C) decreases the rate of calcium excretion.
D) raises the level of calcium ion in the blood.
The opening of a chloride channel acts to ________ the development of an action potential at the axon hillock
inhibit
an albino individual lacks the ability to produce
melanin
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order:
1. stratum basale
2. stratum corneum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum spinosum
C) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
29) What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine?
A) acetylcholinesterase
33) As an action potential is propagated away from the axon hillock, why does propagation continue in one direction?
C) The region just behind the action potential is in the absolute refractory period.
during appositional growth
bones grow wider
which of the following about cell resting transmembrane potential is false ***
inside slight more positive than outside
Which of the following changes in membrane potential is considered excitatory
depolariziation only
Hyothalamus
ADH,OXT and regulatory hormones
pituitary gland
anterior lobe: ACTH,TSH,GH, PRL,FSH,LH and MSH
poster lobe: relsease OXt and ADH
thyroid gland
thyroxine(t4),triiodothyronin(t3)
calcitonin (CT)
pineal gland
melatonin
parathyroid
(PTH)
adrenal gland
medulla ( E and NE ) and cortex I cortisrol ,corticosternon ,aldosterone and androgens
pnacreatic islets
insulin and glucagon
Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
insulin and epinephrine
Afferent and efferent axons travel together in spinal nerves, but they separate into different bundles when they leave and enter the spinal cord. The afferent axons enter the spinal cord via the ________ root and efferent axons leave the spinal cord via t
dorsal and ventral root
Opioids relieve pain by blocking the release of
substance P
A postsynaptic neuron will have an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) whe
C) temporal summation
Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?
A) adrenal (suprarenal)
Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called
reciprocal inhibition.
The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the
forth
Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in
sleep
12) Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the
epidermis of the integumentary system.
Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called
memory consolidation.