A/P

Anatomy

The structure and shape of an organism.

Pathophysiology

The functional changes associated with or resulting from disease.

Homeostasis

A constant environment or balance in the human body. "Steady State

Organizational level of the body

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.

Sagital

Any plane parallel to the median plane

Median

A vertical plane that bisects the body into right and left halves.

Transverse

Any plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes

Coronal

Any vertical plane at right angles to the median plane

Distal

Your fingers are distal to your wrist

Proximal

Your shoulder is proximal to your elbow

Peritoneum

A thin, double membrane surrounding organs of abdomnio-pelvic cavity.

Abdominal Cavity includes:

Kidneys, Spleen, Stomach, Intestines.
NOT: Urinary Bladder

Misternal line

A line parallel on the middle of the sternum and the xyphoid process.

What organ would most likely be scanned in Left Lumbar region?

Left Kidney

The purpose of the cardiovascular system is:

Transports blood, transports nutrients, transports oxygen.
DOES NOT: Transport liver cells

What are the pumping chambers of the heart

Right / Left Atria

Pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Systemic circulation

circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs

Portal venous

blood is nutrient rich (80% oxygenated)

Define top number in Blood Pressure reading 120/80 mmHg

Systolic

Systole

The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Blood against arterial wall while heart contracting.

Function of the Nose

Allows air to pass to create sound.

Function of the larynx

Allows air to pass

Alveoli

Allow gas exchange in the lungs.

Lymphatic System

Drains interstitial fluids and protects against invading organisms

Supply and drainage of lymphatic system depend on?

Their location in the body

Components of lymphatic system:

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes
NOT: Kidneys

What component of lymphatic system produces White Blood Cells?

Bone Marrow

Non-specific immunity and bodies natural defenses include?

Skin, Mucous membranes, tears.
NOT: Inoculation.

The kidneys are located?

Retropertioneal

What is the functional structure of the kidney?

Nephron

The right renal artery passes ______ to the IVC to reach the right kidney?

Posterior

Renal Pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

The renal cortex is hypoechoic to ____

The Renal Sinus

The renal cortex is ______ to the liver

Isoechoic

The digestive system converts food into substances body uses to maintain cellular metabolism using:

Mechanical digestion, chemical process, and absorption
NOT : Filtration

Steps of digestion:

Ingestion, mastication, swallowing, elimination
NOT: Storage

Rugae

The folds in the stomach that allow for expansion and contraction.

Name three parts of small intestine:

Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
NOT: Sigmoid

_____ organ that plays an accessory role by storing and releasing bile into the small intestine when fatty chime is detected.

Gallbladder

80% of the blood and 20% of the oxygen draining from the spleen and intestines goes to the liver through:

Hepatic veins

Components of the endocrine system:

Hypothalamus, adrenal glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland
NOT: Salivary gland

AKA - The Master Gland

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland (Location & Function)

part of endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, influences bio-rythms

Parathyroid glands

Responsible for taking calcium from the bones and releasing it into the bloodstream when needed.

Medulla oblongata

Part of the brainstem that contains life-sustaining control centers of respiration, heart rate, and vasomotor function.

Autonomic nervous system

Part of the nervous system mainly responsible for involuntary actions in the human body.

Neuron

The primary cell in the nervous system.

Testosterone

Main male sex hormone. triggers production of sperm and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Spermatozoa are produced in the _____ and mature in the _____.

Testes , Epididymis

Which hormone is greatly increased during ovulation?

LH

What two hormones do the ovaries produce?

Estrogen and Progesterone

From where is estrogen secreted?

Follicles

From where is progesterone secreted?

Corpus Luteum. After fertalization the progesterone is produced via the placenta.

All cellular processes require _____ ?

Energy

Meiosis

Division of reproductive cells or sex cells.

Type of tissue desgined for rapid tranmission of signals?

Nerve Tissue

Cartilage

Protects the ends of adjoining bones

Protective plates that also have a sensation function?

Nails

Skin functions include:

regulates temperature, protects against invading organisms, absorbs vitamin D.
DOES NOT: provide support and movment.

Describe pain that just started a few hours ago?

Acute

Syndrome

Associated with several clinicaly recognizable features or signs.

Idiopathic

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

Etiology

the cause of a disease

Repeated injury to the arterial wall, inflamation, stress, and infection, may lead to ____?

Atherosclerosis

All of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic disease except?

Hypertension (Modifiable)
Age, Gender, Heredity (Non-modifiable)

Epidemiology

The study of factors that cause or encourage disease.

Pandemic

World wide disease

Prions, an infectious agent, is composed of _____

Protiens

Virus

Is responsible for the common cold and flu.

Acute

The initial response to a harmful stimuli or pathogen.

Inflamation

A responce to harmful stimuli, such as a pathogen. Allows wounds and infections to heal and without it survival of organism would be compromised. (It DOES affect healing process)

Begnign cells

Cells that grow locally and do not spread by invasion or metastasis.

A simple cyst is considered___?

Begnign

Malignant tumors appear___?

with irregular borders and have a complex appearance.

Characteristics of Malignant tumors include:

they break away from the primary tumor. they enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they infiltrate other organs.
NOT TRUE : That they only grow locally.

Neoplasm

A new abnormal growth of existing tissue

Main function of the nucleous

Stores genetic material and controls activites of the cell

Hypertrophy

Occurs when cells increase in size

Hyperplasia

Cells increase in number

The cells plasma membrane controls?

movement of material in and out of the cell

The main stress hormone is___?

Adrenaline

The pancrease endocrine secretion is ____?

Insulin

Epithelial

Continuous sheets of tissue that serve as linings.