Anatomy
The structure and shape of an organism.
Pathophysiology
The functional changes associated with or resulting from disease.
Homeostasis
A constant environment or balance in the human body. "Steady State
Organizational level of the body
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
Sagital
Any plane parallel to the median plane
Median
A vertical plane that bisects the body into right and left halves.
Transverse
Any plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes
Coronal
Any vertical plane at right angles to the median plane
Distal
Your fingers are distal to your wrist
Proximal
Your shoulder is proximal to your elbow
Peritoneum
A thin, double membrane surrounding organs of abdomnio-pelvic cavity.
Abdominal Cavity includes:
Kidneys, Spleen, Stomach, Intestines.
NOT: Urinary Bladder
Misternal line
A line parallel on the middle of the sternum and the xyphoid process.
What organ would most likely be scanned in Left Lumbar region?
Left Kidney
The purpose of the cardiovascular system is:
Transports blood, transports nutrients, transports oxygen.
DOES NOT: Transport liver cells
What are the pumping chambers of the heart
Right / Left Atria
Pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Systemic circulation
circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
Portal venous
blood is nutrient rich (80% oxygenated)
Define top number in Blood Pressure reading 120/80 mmHg
Systolic
Systole
The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Blood against arterial wall while heart contracting.
Function of the Nose
Allows air to pass to create sound.
Function of the larynx
Allows air to pass
Alveoli
Allow gas exchange in the lungs.
Lymphatic System
Drains interstitial fluids and protects against invading organisms
Supply and drainage of lymphatic system depend on?
Their location in the body
Components of lymphatic system:
Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes
NOT: Kidneys
What component of lymphatic system produces White Blood Cells?
Bone Marrow
Non-specific immunity and bodies natural defenses include?
Skin, Mucous membranes, tears.
NOT: Inoculation.
The kidneys are located?
Retropertioneal
What is the functional structure of the kidney?
Nephron
The right renal artery passes ______ to the IVC to reach the right kidney?
Posterior
Renal Pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
The renal cortex is hypoechoic to ____
The Renal Sinus
The renal cortex is ______ to the liver
Isoechoic
The digestive system converts food into substances body uses to maintain cellular metabolism using:
Mechanical digestion, chemical process, and absorption
NOT : Filtration
Steps of digestion:
Ingestion, mastication, swallowing, elimination
NOT: Storage
Rugae
The folds in the stomach that allow for expansion and contraction.
Name three parts of small intestine:
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
NOT: Sigmoid
_____ organ that plays an accessory role by storing and releasing bile into the small intestine when fatty chime is detected.
Gallbladder
80% of the blood and 20% of the oxygen draining from the spleen and intestines goes to the liver through:
Hepatic veins
Components of the endocrine system:
Hypothalamus, adrenal glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland
NOT: Salivary gland
AKA - The Master Gland
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland (Location & Function)
part of endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, influences bio-rythms
Parathyroid glands
Responsible for taking calcium from the bones and releasing it into the bloodstream when needed.
Medulla oblongata
Part of the brainstem that contains life-sustaining control centers of respiration, heart rate, and vasomotor function.
Autonomic nervous system
Part of the nervous system mainly responsible for involuntary actions in the human body.
Neuron
The primary cell in the nervous system.
Testosterone
Main male sex hormone. triggers production of sperm and development of secondary sexual characteristics.
Spermatozoa are produced in the _____ and mature in the _____.
Testes , Epididymis
Which hormone is greatly increased during ovulation?
LH
What two hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and Progesterone
From where is estrogen secreted?
Follicles
From where is progesterone secreted?
Corpus Luteum. After fertalization the progesterone is produced via the placenta.
All cellular processes require _____ ?
Energy
Meiosis
Division of reproductive cells or sex cells.
Type of tissue desgined for rapid tranmission of signals?
Nerve Tissue
Cartilage
Protects the ends of adjoining bones
Protective plates that also have a sensation function?
Nails
Skin functions include:
regulates temperature, protects against invading organisms, absorbs vitamin D.
DOES NOT: provide support and movment.
Describe pain that just started a few hours ago?
Acute
Syndrome
Associated with several clinicaly recognizable features or signs.
Idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
Etiology
the cause of a disease
Repeated injury to the arterial wall, inflamation, stress, and infection, may lead to ____?
Atherosclerosis
All of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic disease except?
Hypertension (Modifiable)
Age, Gender, Heredity (Non-modifiable)
Epidemiology
The study of factors that cause or encourage disease.
Pandemic
World wide disease
Prions, an infectious agent, is composed of _____
Protiens
Virus
Is responsible for the common cold and flu.
Acute
The initial response to a harmful stimuli or pathogen.
Inflamation
A responce to harmful stimuli, such as a pathogen. Allows wounds and infections to heal and without it survival of organism would be compromised. (It DOES affect healing process)
Begnign cells
Cells that grow locally and do not spread by invasion or metastasis.
A simple cyst is considered___?
Begnign
Malignant tumors appear___?
with irregular borders and have a complex appearance.
Characteristics of Malignant tumors include:
they break away from the primary tumor. they enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they infiltrate other organs.
NOT TRUE : That they only grow locally.
Neoplasm
A new abnormal growth of existing tissue
Main function of the nucleous
Stores genetic material and controls activites of the cell
Hypertrophy
Occurs when cells increase in size
Hyperplasia
Cells increase in number
The cells plasma membrane controls?
movement of material in and out of the cell
The main stress hormone is___?
Adrenaline
The pancrease endocrine secretion is ____?
Insulin
Epithelial
Continuous sheets of tissue that serve as linings.