Lauraceae (Laurel Family)
No stipules
pellucid dots
often aromatic
valvate anther flaps
parts in 3s
Magnoliaceae (Magnolia Family)
Pellucid dots
Flowers: solitary terminal and showy
spirally arranged on elongated cone-like receptacle
Amborellaceae(Amborella Family)
dioeceous, lacking vessels
stipules absent
Winteraceae (Winterbark Family)
no stipules
pellucid dots
stigma lateral opening in carpel
no vessels
Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)
leaves deeply lobed, or compound parts in 3s
Flowers: spirally arranged, distinct carpel, pistils w/ hooked tips
Proteaceae (Protea Family)
Flower: showy bracts
connate tepals w/ split along 1 side,
anther adnate to tepals
valvate perianth
Papaveraceae
(Poppy family)
Leaves: often deeply lobed, 3 parts
Flowers: deciduous sepals, petals in 4, wrinkled,
numerous stamen, conate carpels
Crassulaceae
Stonecrop family
Leaves: succulent, often basal
Flower: infl in cyme
Fabaceae
Pea (Legume) family
Leaves: pinnately compound
Flower: 3 sub families
Faboideae - Banner, wing, keel (Heart/ vag)
mimosoideae- many showy stamen (spikey hair-like)
caesalpinoideae - 5 unfused petals (1 very distinct petal)
Grossulariaceae
Gooseberry Family
Leaves: palmately lobed and clustered
Flower: inferior ovary
2 styles connate at base and split
Saxifragaceae
Saxifrage family
Leaves: often palmately lobed
Flowers: raceme, often a hypanthium, petals often clawed and lobed, bilobed sigma/style
Rosaceae
Rose family
leaves: serrate frequently w/ thorns and prickles
flowers: 5 free petals w/ hypanthium and numerous stamen
Salicaceae
Willow Family
deciduous
Leaves: alternate, stipules, serrate or dentate
flowers: male/female catkins
Fagaceae
Oak Family
leaves: pinnately lobed
Flowers: male/ female, can be very spiny, make acorns
Cucurbitaceae
Melon family
vines w/ tendrils
leaves: palmately veined
flower: ovary inferior
Myrataceae
Myrtle family
Leaves: aromatic, pellucid dots visible against light.
Flowers: inferior ovary, prominent hypanthium, tuft petals, showy stamen
Brassicaceae
Mustard family
silique seeds
Leaves: pinnately lobed or divided
Flowers: 4 petals, 2 short stamen 4 long stamen, superior ovary, petals wide and clawed
Onagraceae
Evening Primrose Family
Flowers: 4 petals, 4 lobed stigma, very inferior ovary, very developed hypanthium,
pollen in viscin (sticky) threads
Malvaceae
Mallow family
Leaves: have stellate trichomes
flowers: funnel shaped, monadelphous stamen (many bunch together and looks like 1 fat one)
Ericaceae
Heath Family
Leaves: simple, evergreen
Flowers: urn shaped, often windows at base, anthers often poricidal
Polemoniaceae
Phlox family
stigma 3 lobed
Leaves: simple, pinnately divided, glandular trichomes
flowers: stamens often unequally inserted, often blue/purple pollen, corolla often connate tube
Polygonaceae
Buckwheat family
swollen leaf nodes
leaves: stipules present and fused onto sheath (ocrea)
Flowers: small bunches
Fruit: triangular achene
Caryophyllaceae
Carnation/Pink family
Usually coarse stem
Leaves: opposite, swollen nodes, parallel venation
flowers: hairy calyx, petals lobed (pinked) or clawed
Cactaceae
Cactus Family
Stem succulent
Leaves: spiky hairs called glochids
Flowers: many showy stamens and petals
Asteraceae
Sunflower family
Leaves: no stipules
Fruit: achene w/ prominent pappus
Flowers: 3 different types
- radiate looks like sunflower
- ligulate looks like dandelion
- discoid has many little heads/flowers
Apiaceae
carrot family
aromatic
Leaves: pinnate venation, highly dissected, sheathing at base
Fruit: 2 part schizocarp
Flower: compound umbel, stalks hollow, ovary inferior
Lamiaceae
Mint family
Often aromatic, square stem
Leaves: opposite, sometimes whorled
Flowers: bilabiate- 2 lobes up, 3 lobes down, 4 nutlets, gymnobasic style- style attatches to base of ovary not tip
Boraginaceae
Borage Family
schizocarp in 4 nutlets
stiff hairs
leaves: simple
flowers: infl scorpioid cyme, gymnobasic style,
Plantaginaceae
Plantain Family
Leaves: Opp or alternate
flowers: bilabiate- 2 lobes up, 3 down. capsule w/ intermediate # of seeds, anthers w/ 2 distinct chamber
Solanaceae
Nightshade family
Leaves: alternate Spiral around stem
Flowers: Petals Plicate(w/ distinct fold), poricidal anthers
seeds: flat
Poaceae
grass family
hollow between nodes, round in cross section
Leaves: parallel veins, clasp the culm, sometimes 2 ranked
Flowers: tiny, no perianth, spikelets
Cyperaceae
Sedge family
triangular cross section
Leaves: closed basal sheath, 3 ranked
flowers: tiny, no perianth, clustered spikes w/ bracts inbetween
Juncaceae
Rush Family
Round cross section, not hollow
Leaves: open basal Sheath, 3 ranked
Flowers: visible tepals, subtending leaf often extends above infl
Iridaceae
Iris Family
Leaves: parallel venation, leaves equitant (flat and overlap)
Flowers: 6 tepals, 3 stamen
Orchidaceae
Orchid family
Leaves: parallel veins, base sheathing
Flowers: 6 tepals, 1 weird tepal lip (labellum), male/female parts fused, pollen packet (pollinia)
Liliaceae
lily family
Leaves: parallel veins, dont flatten in one plane
flowers: 6 tepals, usually spotted, 6 stamen
Araceae
Arum Family
epiphyte
can smell bad
Leaves: parallel veins, saggitate (arrow shaped), sheathing leaf base
Flowers: stalk fleshy, sometimes monecious, many small spikes on spadix (looks like big stamen/pistil) , 1 big petal (spathe)