during the ____ period(s), humans altered their habitats
Hunter-gatherer, agricultural revolution, industrial revolution
all of these fields of study contribute to environmental science expect
linguistics
which of the following situations best decribes the use of renewable resource?
Building wooden furniture
in which country is the population likely to be increasing rapidly?
Kenya
using the scientific info from chemisty and biology to devise a plan to clean up a lake and make it healthy again describes
environmental science
why is the world loss of biodiversity a source of concern
humans depend upon other oraganisms for food or oxygen.
a focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
influence of humans on the environment
during the agricultural revolution
plants and animals were domesticated
___ is a biodergradable
newspaper
which of the following describes the depletion of a renewable resource?
intensive cultivation of farmland that exhausts soil nurients
all of the following issues involve environmental science except
asking ppl questions about the cost of various resources
the Tragedy of the commons describes the conflict b/w
farmers and industrialized society
a sustainable world would be characterized by the
indefinite existence of human population in a healthy and prosperous condition
to the law of supply and demand, what would occur if the supply of oil declined and the demand stay the same
the oil price would increase
Ecological footprint is the
amount of land and ocean area needed to support one person
most of today's environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history
Industrial revolution
listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution is an example of a
cost benefit analysis
term biodiversity refers to
the number and variety of species that live in an area
which of the following is not a ecosystem
utility pole
the energy in most ecosystems come from
the sun
the organisms most likely to belong to the same species are
ppl at a football game
the community of a pond is made up of all the
populations of fish, insects, and other living organisms
some organisms are more likely to survive b/c they
all of the above
an oragnism is resistant to a chemical if it
has a gene that protects it from the chemical
the process of 2 species changing genetically in response to long term interactions with each other is
coevolution
in order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is "naturally selected for" must
reproduce
most scientists classify organisms into
six kingdom
which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
bacteria
which of the following is not an algae that uses energy from the sun to make food?
gymnosperm
most land animals depend on angiosperms for
food
which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem
abiotic factor
which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem
air
single celled organisms with cell walls
bacteria
2 kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food
protists and plants
many angiosprems depend on
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds
which of the following chararceristics is usually shared by bateria, fungi and plants?
they usually have cell walls
which of the following statements is not correct
consumers get their energy directly from the sun
which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers
herbivores
which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago?
phosphate salts
which of the following plants is likely to be pioneer species
lichen
what kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth
fire
where would an ecologist be least likely to go study primary succession
the amazon rain forest
energy consumed by organisms
can be stored in fat and sugar molecules
plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle b/c they
allow carbon to enter an ecosystem throught photosynthesis
which of the following is an example of secondary succession
growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire
what term is used to many feeding relationships
food web
which of the following is reponsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable by living organisms
nitrogen fixing bacteria
what type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remined undisturebed for 150 years
tall mature oak trees
what type of succesion occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood
secondary succession
if you visted a savanna you would likely see
large herds of grazing animals, rhinos, gazelles, and giraffes
grasslands,such as the prairies of NAmerica
are threatened by soil erosion b/c native grasses have been damaged or destroyed by plowing and overgrazing
which of the following best decribes a tropical rain forest?
species of the animal with specialized ways of surviving in order to avoid competition
animals that live in the desert
are nocturnal
desert are
often formed on the dry side of mountain range
the tundra
has a layer of soil that is permanently forzen beneath the top soil
Taiga is
a forest biome with pine fir and spruce trees
which of the following is not correct
tropical rain forests are resistant to change b/c the plants contain so many nutrients
which of the following is not true about temperate decidous forests
trees grow lush green leaves in the spring, but lose their leaves in late summer
biomes
are usually described by their vegetation
which of the following is an adaptation of coniferous trees in the taiga
they have a unique overall shape in order to accumulate snow, which acts as a heavy insulating layer
Adaptations demonstrated by plants in tropical rain forests include
all of the above (buttresses, orchids and vines, herbs with flat leaves in the understory)
chaparral plants usually survive fires b/c
the can resprout from small amounts of surviving plant tissue
Which of the following would you expect to see in the emergent layer of a tropical rain forest?
eagles, bats, and snakes
biomes with higher temperatures and less precipitation tend to have
shorter and less dense vegetation
Tropical rain forests are threatened by
deforestation and the trade of forest plants and animals
adaptation of desert animals that help them survive in the hot, dry desert often include
searching for food at night
which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands
increasing runoff
estuaries are very productive ecosystems b/c they receive fresh nutrients from
rivers and oceans
what causes most coastal pollution in the u.s
industrial waste and sewage
adaptation prevent phytoplankton from sinking into deep water
flagella
swamps are commonly are commonly found on
flat,poorly,drained land
the majority of marine organisms are found in
shallow coastal waters
as they flow down a mt to flatter ground, rivers generally become
all of the above (wider, warmer, slower)
which of the following statements is not correct
rivers generally move faster and their oxygen levels decrease as they near the ocean
two threats to ocean ecosystem are
all of the above
the types of organisms found in pond or lake depend on
all of the above
in the ___ zone the water is cool and dark
Benthic
most pollutants that enter estuaries break down over time, yet they are still considered a problem b/c
its the volume of the pollutants, more than the time factor, that harms estuaries
what mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos
one swims freely and the other lives attached to a hard surface
Estuaries
are ecosystems where both fresh water and salt water are present
which organisms produce most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem
phytoplankton
the arrangement of organisms in the open ocean is determined by the
amount of nutrients and sunlight that are available
which of the following not a characteristic of wetlands
limited to inland freshwater environments
an estuary function as a mineral trap due to
mixing action of river water and ocean water
coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structure that are formed as a result of
secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals
2 main types of freshwater wetlands
marshes and swamps
which of the following is not a characteristic of salt marshes and mangrove swamps
both are dominated by marsh grasses
which ecosystem has the highest level of salinity
salt marsh
which of the following is a threat to coral reefs
all of the above
why doesnt photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water
no sunlight
the pH of water is directly based on
the geology of the water source
an acceptable range of pH in water would be
6.5 to 8.4
a unit of measure of turbidity is
JTU
phosphorus levels less than 00.3ppm will cause
not cause eutriphication and oxygen dissolved in water will remain at safe levels
nitrogen compounds in water, may be in the form of
ammonia,nitrate,nitrites
soil pH values b/w ___ and ____ are a key to good crop production
6.00 and 6.50
the following are typical soil separates, arraged from smallest to biggest
clay, silt, sand
a soil sample is composed of 40% sand and 30% clay, whats the rest?
30%
soil texture is a soil property used to describe the relative proportion of different densities of mineral particles in a soil
false
in the ____ zone, life is diverse and abundant
Littoral