What best describes the use of a renewable resource?
building wooden furniture
during the ______ periods, humans altered their habitats?
all the above
the ____was not a direct result of the industrial revolution
overhunting of large mammals
all of these feilds contribute to environmental science except
linguistics
in which contry is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly
kenya
using scientific information from chemistry and biology to devise a plan to clean up a lake and make it healthy again describes
environmental science
why is the worlds loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
human species depend on other organisms
a focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
influence of humans on the environment
during the agricultural revolution
plants and animals were domesticated
________ is a biodegradable material that becomes a pollutant if allowed to accumulate more rapidly than it can decompose
newspaper
Which of the following describes the depletion of a renewable resource?
intensive cultivation
All of the following issiues involve environmental science except:
asking about cost of resources
the fact that useful man-made sunstances can cause unforseen damage is illustrated by
all the above
which country is most likely to have either stabilized or a slowly growing population
canada
the"tragedy of Commons" describes the conflict between individuals and
society
A sustainable world would be characterized by
indefinite existance of a human population
according to the law of supply and demand, what would occur if the supply of oil declines and the demand remained the same?
prices would increase
an ecological footprint is
amount needed to support one person
compared to developing nations, developed nations have
greater personal wealth
which of the following is a developing nation
ethiopia
a resident of _____ is likely to leave the largest ecological footprint
US
most of today's environmental problems began during the time period of _______ revolution in human history?
indusrial
Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describes the realtionship between the availiability and
worth of resources
listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing in a particular environmental solution is an example of a
cost-benefit analysis
Hardin's "Tragedy of Commons" esay addresses the conflcts associated with what environmental challenge?
protecting shared resources
How did the himalaya mountains form?
glacial movements
What are wind and water erosion not likely to effect?
tides
Which of the following is the most geologically active reagion on the surface of the earth?
boundries between tectonic plates
Which of the following are producers of oxygen?
plants
The ozone layer is located in the?
stratosphere
Large scale atmospheric phenomena caused by air that is constantly in motion is known as.?
weather
What is the estimated temp. of the earths inner core in degrees celcius?
4,000 to 5,000
The rictor scale best describes?
magnitude of an earthquake
The molten rock that is found in the upper mantel is?
magma
Which of the following is not one of the compositional layers of earth?
Mesosphere
Which of the following is earths densest atomospheric layer?
Troposhpere
In the troposhpere which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
tempature and pressure
Which of the following is not a mechanism of energy transfer through or within earths atmosphere?
condensation
--- causes air to be denser near earths surface.
gravity
Without the green house effect, earths atmosphere would be -- to support life.
too cold
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near earths surface?
hydrosphere
where is most of the fresh water on earth located?
ice caps and glaciers
Ocean water--- then fresh water
contains more salts
Deap currents flow along the ---
ocean floor
surface currents circulate in differant directions, depending on the --- in which they accur
hemisphere
which of the following is the layer of the ocean extending from the base of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean
deep zone
With respect to energy, earth is an ---
open system
what part of earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
biosphere
currents at the surface of the ocean are driven by?
wind
with respect to matter, earth is mostly..?
a closed system
Which of the following is not an ecosytem?
utility pole
the energy in most ecosystems comes from
the sun
the organisms most likely to belong in the same species are?
people at a football game.
which of the following statements about an organisms habitat is not true?
they can survive if taken away
The commutiy of a pond is made up of all the?
fish, insects, and other living organisms
organisms can adapt to there physical surroundings and to other?
organisms
Some organisms are more likely to survive because they have certain physical traits, engage in certain behavior, and lack certain physical traits
all the above
an organism is resistant to a chemical if it?
has a gene that prtects it
the process of two species changing genetically in response to long term interations with eachother is
coevolution
In order for evolution to accur in a population individuals with a trait that is naturally selected for them must?
reproduce
most scientist classify organisms in to
6 kingdoms
Which of the following animals is succesful bc it moves quickly reproduces rapidly, and has a water proof external skelonton
ant
Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
bacteria
which of the following is not an algae that uses energy from the sun to make food?
gymnosperm
most land animals depend on angiosperms for
food
which oif the following descives soil an temp. in an ecosystem?
abiotic factors
humas have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to isecticides by
trying to control pests with chemicals
which of the following best describes a population
members of the same species living in the same place at the same time
one way that bacteria and fungi are important to the environment is that they
break down dead organisms
which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem
air
single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nulei are
bacteria
which two kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food
protists and plants
many aniosperms depend on
animals to carry a pollen and disperse seeds
which of th following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi and plants
they usually have cell walls
a gymnosperm is a(n)
plant
Which of the following is incorret?
consumers get their energy directly from the sun
Which kind of organism ontains energy only from producers?
herbivores
If an insect eats a plant and a bird eas the insect, how much energy from the plant is stores in the insect for the bird to use
10
Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago
phosphate salts
Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first?
nitrogen
Which of the following is likely to be a pioneer species
grass
What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood and by encouraging new growth?
fire
where would an ecologist be least likely to go to study primary succession?
amazon forest
Which statement describes how humans are affecting the balance of carbon in the atmosphere?
burning fossil fuels in great quantities
Which of the following is not a true statement about cellular respiration?
sugar molecules are primary
Which of the following are photosynthetic organisms?
freshwater algae
Consumers are organisms that get energy...
indirectly
The energy consumed by organisms can be stored in....
fat and sugar molecules
Plants play a crucial role in th carbon cycle because they
allow carbon to enter
the bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant are a critical part of the nitrogen cycle because they
change atmospheric nitrogen
Succession is possible because ___________ make the environment less suitable
new species
Which of the following is an example of a secondary succession?
growth of plants
Which of the following is not a likely component of soil formed during primary succession?
parts of shrubs and trees
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
algae
What term is used to refer to many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?
food web
Which of the following is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable by living organisms?
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Which item is a carbon sink and not part of the carbon cycle?
carbon from limestone
What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years?
mature oak trees
What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as volcanic eruption or flood?
secondary
Which of the following is one of the largest carbon reservoirs on earth?
limestone
if you visited a savanna, you would likely see:
grazing animals
grasslands, such as the praries of north america:
are threatened by soil erosion
Which of the following best desribes a tropical rain forest?
animals with specialized ways of surviving
Animals that live in the desert:
usually nocturnal
deserts are:
often on dry side of mountains
the tundra:
has a layer of frozen soil
taiga is:
forest biome
Which of the following is incorrect?
tropical rainforests are resistant to change
Which of the following is not true about the temperate decidious forest?
tress have green leave in spring
biomes:
described by vegetation
Which of the following is an adaptation of coniferous trees in the tiaga?
leaves that retain water
adaptations demonstrated by plants in the tropical rain forests include
all of the above
chaparral plants usually survive fires because
they can resprout
Which of the following adaptations are used by animals of the arctic tundra?
rodents burrow underground
as you travel from the north pole toward the equator, you would expect to see
tundra then grassland
Which of the following would you expect to see in the emergent layer of a tropical rainforest? ______, bats and snakes
eagles
All of the following are characeristics of temperate rain forests except
low rainfall is summer
the distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
latitude
the main factor that determines what type of plants grow in a biome is temperature and -----
altitude
Biomes with higher temperature and less precipitation tend to have:
shorter vegetation
you are walking through a forest that gets large amounts of rain, has a high humidity, and has moderate temperatures year-round. Where might you be located?
pacific northwest
which of the following is located primarily in coastal areas that have mediterranean-stlye climates with warm, dry summers andmild, wet winters?
chaparral
tropical rain forests are threatened by:
deforestation
adaptations of desert animals that help them survive in the hot, dry desert often include
searching for food at night
The deforestation of the rain forests may cause climate changes which, in turn, may effect
flooding
Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands
increasing runoff
Estuaries are very productive ecosystems because they recieve fresh nutrients from
rivers and oceans
what causes most coastal pollution in the united states
flagella
Swamps are commonly found on
poorly drained land
the majority of marine organisms are found in
shallow waters
as they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become: wider, slower, warmer.
all the above
Which of the following statements is not correct
rivers move faster
two threats to ocean ecosystems are: nutrient runoff, over fishing, and algal blooms.
all the above
the tyopes of organism found in a pond or lake depend on: amount of sun available, presence of nutrients, temp of water
all the above
inthe --- zone, life is diverse and abundant.
littoral
in the -- zone, the water is cool and dark
benthic
most pollutants that enter estuaries break down over time yet they are still considered a problem because
volume of the pollutants,
What mainly distinguishes nekton and benthos
one swims freely
Estuaries:
ecosystems with fresh and salt water
Which organism produces most of the food im an aquatic ecosystem?
ecosystem
The arrangment of organisms in the open ocean is determined by the
amount of nutrients
Which of the following is not characteristic of wetlands?
limited to inland freshwater
An estuary functions as a minteral trap due to
mixing action
coral reeds are intricately shaped rock like structures that are formed as a result of
the secretion of calcium
what are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
marshes and swamps
Which of the following is not a characteristic of salt marshes and mangrove swamps?
dominated by marsh grasses
Which ecosyster has the highest level of salinity?
salt marsh
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs? oil spills, pesticides and sewage
all the above
Why doesnt photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water?
no sunlight
Thick fur on deer is not an example of coevolution. Why?
thick fur evolved in response
An example of a population is
all maple trees
The density of a population is
number of individuals per unit area
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except:
cow
The relationship between a canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
predator and prey
In which of the following relationships is neither species harmed?
commensalism
Which of the following populations has a random dispertion?
snakes in a desert
Which of the following would most likely cause a large number of density-dependent deaths in a population?
winter storms
Which of the following organisms has the highest reproductive potential?
Bacteria
A species of plant has exponential growth after it is introduced into an area where it has never lived. Which statement best describes exponential growth?
population increases dramatically
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of:
mutualism
The number of wild horses per square KM is a prarie is the horse populations -------
density
a femal dogs niche includes all of the following except
neighbors yars
If over a long period of time, each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to reproduce, the population would:
remain the same
Which of the following has the greatest effect on reporductive potential?
reproducing early
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites:
cause hosts to be more vulnerable to predators
the carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the:
supply of limited resources
Which of the following statements explain why the growth of orchids on the branches of tropical trees is an example of commensalism?
tress arent harmed or benefitted
Which of the following statements is not correct?
symbosis
Which of the following is one of the main properties used to describe a population?
number of individuals
Which of the following statements is correct?
habitat is a location
Competition for food cannot occur
between animals of different ecosystems
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a populations biotic potential?
maximum number of offspring
The difference between a predator and a parasite is that a predator
usually kills and eats