Which of the following is the best description of a region's climate?
The average weather that occurs over a long time
In which level of the atmosphere does weather occur?
Troposphere
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Stratosphere
What is the importance of the ozone layer?
It absorbs incoming UV rays
Which of the following is NOT true about the Sun's energy heating Earth?
The suns ray's are more strongly reflected in lower latitudes
Which of the following is the best description of albedo?
The ability of an object to reflect light
What level of the atmosphere contains charged gas molecules that contribute to the northern lights, or aurora borealis?
Thermosphere
What is most significant when determining the diversity of an ecosystem?
The number of species present
What factors are used to determine what constitutes a species?
Physically distinct from other groups or organisms, can interbreed with others from the same group
Current estimates for the number of species on earth ranges between
10 million- 20 million
Which is used to measure the diversity of an ecosystem?
Species evenness and richness
Which is the best description of species evenness?
The relative dominance of each species within an ecosystem
Use figure 5-1. Which is the best description of the two communities shown?
Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to community 2.
Use figure 5-1. Which is an accurate comparison of the two communities shown?
Communities 1 and 2 have the same species richness.
Which measure of biodiversity takes into account the number of species present and the relative abundance of the species present?
Shannon's index
Which is the best description of evolution?
The genetic change within a population over time
If a bird of a species that normally has green feathers produces an offspring with blue feathers, this is most likely the result of
A genetic mutation
Which cellular process can create genetic diversity?
Mutation and recombination
Which is used to determine how closely two species are related?
Body shape, behavior, and genetic similarity
Which of the following would be the best example of an individual's phenotype?
Having brown eyes
__________ is a trait that improves an individual's fitness.
An adaptation
Which is the best example of artificial selection?
Humans breed horses for speed
Which process of evolution is not random?
Artificial selection
A population suddenly reduces in size from habitats loss, natural disaster, or other environmental changes, and its subsequent genetic variation is affected, we say is has experienced
The bottleneck effect
Which does NOT contribute to an increase to the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
Habitat loss
The variety of genes within a species is called its
Genetic diversity
What occurs when a small group from a population colonizes a new area?
The founder effect
Which refers to the variety of ecosystems within a region?
Ecosystem diversity
Genetic recombination can
Change an oragnism's alleles, increase genetic diversity
Which is NOT related to geographic isolation?
Sympatric speciation
If allopathic speciation occurs afte a population has split, what would happen if they were reunited?
The two populations would not be able to interbreed
Which would result in the highest rate of evolution?
A population with high genetic variation
Which would least affect the ability of a species to adapt to a new environment
Amount of parental care
If you were studying the niche of a bird species, you might study
Its food, predators, temperature it needs, location
Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will
Compete intensely
A species' fundamental niche can include
The amount of sunlight available
How many known mass extinctions have occurred since the evolution of complex life 500 million years ago?
5