What is
leadership
?
A process of influence by which the leader influences others
toward goal achievement
Formal
leader
A person is
in a position of authority
or in a sanctioned, assigned role within an organization
that connotes influence
, such as a clinical nurse specialist.
Informal
leader
An individual who
demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership
role or
as a member of a group
rather than as the head or leader of the group.
Leadership
traits
-Guiding vision
-Passion
-Integrity
-Self-confidence
-Determination
-Intelligence
-Sociability
-Visionary
-Resource
-Experience
-Humility
-Have high standards
-Value education
-Value professional development
-Demonstrate power in the organization
-Active
List the
3 behavioral theories
of leadership
1)
Autocratic
2)
Democratic
3)
Laissez-faire
What is the
autocratic
behavioral theory of leadership?
Autocratic
leadership involves
centralized decision making
, with the leader making decisions and
using power to command and control others
.
-Associated with high-performing groups, but close supervision is necessary, and feelings of hostility are often
What is the
democratic
behavioral theory of leadership?
Democratic
leadership is participatory, with
authority delegated to others
.
To be influential, the democratic leader
uses expert power and the power base afforded by having close, personal relationships
.
-Engenders positive feelings in their groups, and
What is the
laissez-faire
behavioral theory of leadership?
Laissez-faire leadership is
passive and permissive
, and the
leader defers decision making
.
-Associated with low-productivity and feelings of frustration are found within their groups.
What are
contingency theories
of leadership?
Contingency theory acknowledges that
other factors in the environment influence outcomes as a much leadership style
.
-The premise is that
different leader behavior patterns will be effective in different situations
.
List the
2 contingency theories
of leadership
1)
Fielder's Contingency Theory
2)
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory
What is
Fielder's Contingency Theory
?
Fielder's Contingency Theory is credited with the development of the contingency model of
leadership effectiveness
.
Fielder's theory of leadership effectiveness views the pattern of leader behavior as
dependent upon
the
interaction of the personality of
What is Fielder's Contingency Theory contingent upon?
The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward the leader
involves
:
1)
leader-member relationships
,
2) the degree of
task structure
,
3) and the leader's
position of power
.
--When all of these dimensions (leader-member relationship
1)
Leader-member relations
(Fielder's Contingency Theory)
1) Leader-member relations
are the feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and credibility of the leader.
--
Good
leader-member relations exist when followers respect, trust, and have confidence in the leader.
--
Poor
leader-membe
2)
Task structure
(Fielder's Contingency Theory)
2) Task structure
refers to the degree to which work is defined, with specific procedures, explicit directions, and goals.
--
High
task structure involves routine, predictable, clearly defined work tasks.
--
Low
task structure involves work that is not ro
3)
Position power
(Fielder's Contingency Theory)
3) Position power
is the degree of formal authority and influence associated with the leader.
--
High
position power is favorable for the leader
--
Low
position power is unfavorable
What is
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory
?
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory
addresses follower characteristics/readiness in relation to effective leader behavior
.
Follower readiness
, called maturity, is assessed in order to select one of four leadership styles:
1) Telling leadership
(hi
List the
contemporary approaches
to leadership
1)
Transformational theory
2)
Servant leadership
What are
contemporary approaches
to leadership?
Contemporary approaches to leadership
address the leadership functions necessary to develop learning organizations
.
What is
Transformational theory
? (Contemporary approach to leadership)
Transformational theory is based on the idea of
empowering others
to engage in
pursuing a collective purpose
by working together to
achieve a vision of a preferred future
.
--This kind of leadership can influence both the leader and the follower to a high
What is the difference between a
transactional leader
and a
transformational leader
?
1) Transactional leaders
are the traditional managers concerned with the
day-to-day operations
.
2) Transformational leaders
are committed to a vision that
empowers others
.
What is
Servant leadership
?
Servant leadership focuses on
putting the needs of others above all else
as the number one priority.
--Characteristics include: listening, empathy, awareness, persuasion, foresight, stewardship, growth, and building community.
--This is most often
seen in
What are
knowledge workers
?
Knowledge workers, as defined by Peter Druker, are
those who bring specialized, expert knowledge to an organization
and are considered leaders in the organization.
They are valued for what they know.
What is
emotional intelligence
?
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a component of leadership and
refers to the capacity for recognizing your own feelings and those of others
, for motivating yourself, and for
managing emotions well in yourself and in your relationships
.
--...a different ty
How can I develop
emotional intelligence
?
Emotional intelligence (EI) is developed through
five key skills
:
1) Lessen your stress
2) Understand your emotions
through self-awareness and self-regulation
3) Connect with others through nonverbal communication
, express empathy, and improve on social
What is
management
?
Management is defined as
a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources
to achieve organizational goals.
--Effective management can be viewed as the art of accomplishing things through people.
Characteristics of
management
include:
-
Assigned position
-
Legitimate source of power
-
Carries out specific functions
, duties, and responsibilities
-
Emphasizes control
, decision making, decision analysis, and results
-
Manipulate people
, the environment, money, time,
and other resources
What are the
3 Managerial Roles
1) Information-processing role
is used to manage the information needs people have.
--Monitoring, Disseminator, Spokesperson
2) Interpersonal role
is used to manage relationships with people
--Figurehead, Leader, Liaison
3) Decision-making role
is used to
What
functions of management
define the
management process
?
-Controlling
-Planning
-Organizing
-Staffing
-Directing
-Creative problem solving
What are the
3 levels of management
?
1)
Top-level (Executive-Level) managers
2)
Middle-level managers
3)
First-level managers
What are
Top
-level (
Executive
-Level) managers?
Top-level (Executive-Level) managers are concerned with
planning and generalizing at the highest levels
of an organization.
Direct supervision is
not
a major job requirement.
Nurses in these roles usually carry the title of
Chief Nurse Executive
or, in ac
What are
Middle
-level managers?
Middle-level managers,
often called nursing unit managers
or
nursing directors
, spend
less time in direct supervision
and
more time in other managerial roles
or functions, particularly, planning and coordinating.
--Concerned with many aspects of manageme
What are
First
-level managers?
A First-level managerial role or function in health care organizations is the
nurse manager at the clinical bedside
.
First-level managers spend the
majority of their time directly managing patient care
and
supervising others as they deliver care
.
--Conc
List the
4 types of management theories
1)
Scientific Management
2)
Bureaucratic Management
3)
Administrative Management
4)
Human Relations
What is
Scientific Management
?
Scientific management emphasizes the area of
focus on productivity
.
--Underlying theme is that the
organization is a machine to be run efficiently
to increase production and culminates in "one best way" of carrying out work.
What is
Bureaucratic Management
?
Bureaucratic management
emphasizes impersonal relations within a formal structure
.
--Competence is the basis for hiring and promoting an employee, and
decisions are made in an orderly and rational way
based on
rules and regulations
.
--There are
clear su
What is
Human Relations Management
?
Human relations management
focuses on empowerment of the individual worker
as the source of control, motivation, and productivity in meeting the organization's goals.
Emphasizes that
group decision making increases worker autonomy and provides training
to
Name and describe the
4 selected Motivation Theories
1) Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs
--Motivation occurs when needs are not met. Needs of one level (physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, self-actualization) must be satisfied before one is motivated by needs at the next level higher level of needs.
2) Tw
Leadership tips (part 1 of 3)
-Always be willing to listen to another point of view
-Listen, consider, and respond respectfully. If possible, find a compromise solution. People want acknowledgement that they are being heard and their opinions are being considered.
-Don't hesitate to s
Leadership tips (part 2 of 3)
-Always admit if there is a problem and make a commitment to "fix" it. Be willing to acknowledge that if there is a problem in the organization you want to know about it to be able to correct the issue.
-A "good nurse" does not necessarily make the best s
Leadership tips (part 3 of 3)
-Follow-up on what you say you will do. People will remember.
-Develop a "customer-service" focus and know who your customers are.
Management
vs
Leadership
Management
emphasizes
control
of hours, costs, salaries, overtime, use of sick leave, inventory, and supplies.
Leadership
increases productivity by maximizing workforce
effectiveness
Leaders
--Often
do not have delegated authority
, but obtain their power through other means
--Have a
wider variety of roles
than managers
--Are
frequently not part of the formal organization
--
Focus
: Group process, information gathering, feedback, and empoweri
Managers
--Are always
assigned a position
within an organization
--Have a
legitimate source of power
due to the
delegated authority
that accompanies their position
--Are expected to
carry out specific functions
--
Emphasize
: Control, decision making, decision ana