renal
What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?
one urethra
Which of the following is correct?
mucous membrane
The urinary tract is lined with?
renal columns
The renal cortex desxends between the pyramids as the?
surrounds the kidneys
The renal capsule...
peritubular capillaries
Which blood vessels are primarily concerened with reabsorption?
nephron unit
What is the urine making structure of the kidney?
descending limb (loop of Henle)
The proximal convoluted tubles extend to become the?
distal convoluted tubule
Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the?
collecting ducts
The calyces receive urine from the?
collecting duct
ADH exerts it's effects on the?
glomeruli
Which of the following is NOT "plumbing"?
urinary bladder
The detrusor muscle is located in the?
micturition
The word "voiding" means?
storage
Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?
urerter
This structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder?
urethra
The urinary meatus is part of the?
micturition
The detrusor muscle is concerned with what function?
potassium
Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of?
Na+ (sodium)
Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of?
water
The renal excretion of Na+ (sodium) is generally accompanied by the excretion of what other substance?
angiotensinogen
Renin activates...
causes Na+(sodium) and water reabsorption
Aldosterone...
urinary bladder
The internal and external sphincters are associated with which structure?
calyces
Which of the following is NOT located within the urinary bladder?
albumin
Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate?
deficiency of ADH
Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?
(Polyuria: excessive excretion of urine resulting in profuse micturition, causes diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus and hypercalcemia)
causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and water
Which of the following is NOT true of ADH?
water
Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?
infection
Pyuria is indicative of?
(Pyuria: Pus in urine)
creatinine
This substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine; there is minimal reabsorption...
urinary bladder
Cystitis refers to inflammation of the?
nephron units
Which of the following is found in the kidney?
nephron unit
Bowman's capsule is part of the?
glomeruli
Which structure filters 180 L of water per day?
a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed
Creatinine is...
causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine
A diuretic...
micturition
Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?
peritubular capillaries
With regard to reabsorption, which structure plays the most important role?
stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water
ADH...
erythropoietin
Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete this hormone?
creatinine
Under normal conditions, this substance is present in the urine?
glomerular disease
Which condition is associated with proteinuria?
aldosterone
Which hormone affects blood volume?
anemia
Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?
oliguria (scanty urine production less than 500 ml)
Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?
the kidneys are not filtering creatinine; this is a sign of kidney failure
What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine?
cystitis
Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?
a lack of erythropoietin
Renal failure causes anemia because of?
causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes
The urinary bladder...
hypertension
A patient with stenosis (narrowing) of the renal artery is most likely to be present with?
pregnancy testing,culture for bacteriuria and quantitative protein determination (All of the above)
A medical assistant instructs a patient to collect a first morning specimen for which of the following tests?
random
The recommended specimen for estradiol (a female hormone) testing on urine is most likely what type of specimen collection?
refrigerate the specimen
If a urine specimen can not be analyzed within 30 minutes, the best course of action is to?
reddish brown: diabetes
Which of the following is mismatched concering urine color and the likely pathologic cause?
bilirubin
Urine with suspected high levels of which substance should be stored in a dark place before testing?
pH
If you fail to refrigerate a urine sample for an extended period of time before testing, which of the following is likely to increase?
three
When instructing a female patient for a clean-catch midstream urine specimen, how many antiseptic towlettes should you instruct her to use?
2 L
The normal volume of urine produced by an adult in a 24-hour period does not exceed?
diabetes mellitus
The physical assessment of a urine sample reveals clear, pale, straw-colored urine with a sweet odor. What pathologic condition might this suggest?
abnormally high
The specific gravity of a urine specimen reads 1.035, this value is considered to be?
increased pH, increased nitrate, increased leukocyte esterase
On chemical analysis a urine specimen from a female with a urinary tract infection most likely reveals?
proteinuria
One of the first detectable signs of renal disease is?
bilirubinuria
One of the first detectable signs of liver disease is?
squamous epithelial cell
The cell most likely seen in a normal specimen is?
red blood cells
In the microscopic observation of urine sediment, yeast most resembles?