What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening
the absence or supression of menstruation
amenorrhea
increased pigmentation of the face "mask of pregnancy" is also known as
chloasma
what are the probable signs of pregnancy?
Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, McDonald's sign, abdominal enlargement, ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions, striae, positive pregnancy test
the softening of the cervix and the vagina caused by increased vascular congestion
Goodell's sign
the purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva caused by increased vascular congestion
Chadwick's sign
softening of the lower uterine segment
Hegar's sign
hormonal imbalance or infection may cause both of ______ and ________ signs
Goodell's and Chadwick's
Because of the softening of the lower uterine segment (Hegar's sign) it's easy to flex the body of the uterus against the cervix, known as
McDonald's sign
a manuever by which the fetal part is displaced by a light tap of the examining finger on the cervix and then rebounds quickly
ballottement
irregular, painless uterine contractions that begin in the second trimester
Braxton Hicks
fine, pinkish white or purplish gray lines that some women develop when the elastic tissue of the skin has be stretched to its capacity
striae
a hormone produced by the choronic villi of the placenta
HCG
may be identified by palpation after the 24th week; could be mistaken for a tumor
fetal outline
what are the positive signs of pregnancy?
audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound visualization of fetus
may be detected as early as 10 weeks of pregnancy by using a Doppler device
fetal heartbeat
the examiner can detect the fetal heartbeat using a ___________ between the 18th-20th weeks of pregnancy
fetoscope
what is the range of a fetal heartrate at term?
110-160
a soft blowing sound hear over the uterus during auscultation
uterine souffle
can be felt by a trained examiner in the second trimester
fetal movement
often routinely done around the 20th week of gestation
ultrasound