Key Terms: Chapter 31 Metabolic Disorders

antidiuretic hormone

known commonly as arginine vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary

dawn phenomenon

early morning elevations of blood glucose occur without preceding hypoglycemia and may be a response to growth hormone secretion that occurs in the early morning hours

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

appearance of symptoms for the first time during pregnancy

glucagon

recommended for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia

glycosuria

glucose in the urine

glycosylated hemoglobin test (HgbA1c)

reflects glycemic levels over a period of months (usually 3)

hormones

chemical substances produced by the glands

hyperglycemia

excessive sugar in the blood. occurs because glucose cannot enter the cells without the help of insulin, and therefore glucose remains in the bloodstream

hypoglycemia

a condition that occurs when your blood sugar (glucose) is too low. Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low.

hypotonia

state of low muscle tone (infant feels floppy when handled)

ketoacidosis

diabetic coma

lipoatrophy

(loss of fat) changes that can occur in the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

constantly hungry

polyuria

excretes large amounts of urine frequently

Somogyi phenomenon

rebound hyperglycemia; occurs when blood glucose levels are lowered to a point at which the body's counterregulatory hormones are released

target organ

organ specifically influenced by a certain hormone

vasopressin

antidiuretic hormone