6 types of esophageal disorders
1-esophagitis
2-achalasia of the esophagus
3-GERD
4-esophageal diverticulum
5-hiatal hernia
6-esophageal cancer
Inflammation of the esophagus
esophagitis
-Cardiac sphincter doesn't relax
-Esophagus dilates & can hold 1 or more liter
-Meds help so can pass a balloon
-Esophagomyotomy
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ACHALASIA OF THE ESOPHAGUS
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-Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
-Affects 15% to 20% of adults
-Lower esophageal sphincter does not function effectively or gastric emptying is delayed
GERD
Factors contributing to GERD
-Increased volume of the stomach following meals
-Positioning
-Increased gastric pressure due to obesity or restrictive clothing
GERD manifestations
-Heartburn
Increases after meals
Aggravated by bending over or lying
down
-SORE THROAT
-Pain with swallowing
-Chest pain
GERD
-Corrosive gastric fluids lead to tissue
inflammation
-May cause erosions, ulcers, or strictures
(narrowing) of the esophagus
-**RISK OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IS
INCREASED
GERD TX/Nursing care
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Avoid lying down within 3 hours after meals
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-Elevate the HOB on 6-inch blocks or use a foam wedge when sleeping
-Avoid using alcohol and tobacco
-Information about smoking cessation
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Avoid ASA and NSAIDS
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GERD TX/Nursing care
-Weight loss, smaller meals, and avoiding bending
-Diet changes
Avoiding acidic foods and foods that affect
the lower esophageal sphincter or gastric
emptying
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Avoid peppermint, spicy foods, tomatoes, caffeinated beverages
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-Outpouching or protrusion
-Weakness in muscular wall of esophagus
-c/o regurgitation when lying
-May become distended with food/flds
-Halitosis, sour taste
esophageal diverticulum
esophageal diverticulum tx
-soft easily chewed foods
-High Fowler's, up for 2 hrs after eating, surgery
-Stomach moves into the diaphragm
-Two types
Sliding-most common
paraesophageal
-Happens when in reclining position,
stand up and slides back down
-Asymptomactic
-**PYROSIS (HEARTBURN)
Hiatal Hernia
Hiatal Hernia TX
-Small- not treated
HOB up
Positioning
Medications-Pepcid, Zantac, ...
Small frequent meals
Weight loss
No spicy foods, alcohol, no heavy lifting
-FUNDOPLICATION
fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus & the edges are sutured together is called?
fundoplication
-Associated with alcohol and
tobacco use
-S/S:
Fullness in chest
Pain, difficulty swallowing ,
excessive salivation
Hiccoughs, halitosis, food
regurgitation
COMMOM- difficulty swallowing
6 months
esophageal cancer