Elevation or peak on the incisal ridge
Cusp tip
How many cusp ridges/slopes are there and what are they called?
2; Mesial cusp ridge/slope and distal cusp ridge/slope
Connects to cusp tip; vertical prominence
Labial ridge
Where is labial ridge located?
Vertical and centrally placed on labial surface.
Location of cingulum on labial surface of maxillary canines
Central
Centrally placed vertical elevation extending from cusp tip to cingulum
Lingual ridge
Number of fossae on lingual surface of canines
2
How many total canines are there in full adult dentition?
4
T/F: Permanent canines are not succedaneous
False; Permanent canines are succedaneous, as they replace primary canines.
Other names for canines
Cornerstones of dental arch, cuspids, eyeteeth and fangs
What are the numbers of permanent canines?
6, 11, 22 and 27
What are the functions of canines?
1. Pierce and tear food
2. Support incisors and premolars in their functions during mastication and speech
3. Serves as major support for facial muscles and keeps overall vertical dimension of face intact
4. Guideposts during occlusion
5. Protect against
T/F: Canines are least stable teeth in the permanent dentition
False; Canines are the most stable teeth in the dentition
Reasons that canines are the most stable teeth in the dentition
1. Long root length
2. Proximal root concavities help anchor them
T/F: Canines are usually the last teeth present in overall failing dentition
True
T/F: Canines (or many times just the roots) are often used to stabilize fixed and removable prosthetics in the mouth
True
Shape proximally
Triangular
Shape labially/lingually
Pentagonal (5 sides)
T/F: Maxillary and mandibular canines do not resemble each other
False; Maxillary and mandibular canines resemble each other
T/F: Canines are more narrow LL than all incisors
False; Canines are even wider than maxillary central incisors
T/F: Canines are the shortest teeth in the permanent dentition
False; They are the longest teeth
Length of root of canine
Between 1 and 1.5x crown length
External manifestation of canine by vertically oriented and labially placed bony ridge
Canine eminence of alveolar process
Cause of cusp slope altering and wear that widens the incisal edges
Attrition
T/F: Maxillary canines are longer and wider MD than maxillary centrals
False; Maxillary canines are similar in length or shorter than maxillary centrals as well as narrower MD
T/F: Canines have sharp apices
False; They have blunt apices
Maxillary canine direction of bend at root apex
Distal
Canine root depressions; Which is deeper?
Mesial and distal; Distal
Number of pulp canals in canines; pulp horns
1; 1
Canine root shape in cross section
Ovoid
Canine root taper direction
Towards lingual
T/F: Maxillary canines have imbrication lines and perikymata
True
T/F: Canines have mamelons
False; They do not have mamelons, they have a notch on cusp ridges
How many lobes do maxillary canines have?
3
Which lobe forms the labial ridge?
The middle lobe
T/F: Labial ridge is more prominent on mandibular than maxillary canines
False; More prominent on maxillary
What does mesial half of canine resemble?
Part of incisor
What does distal half of canine resemble?
Part of premolar
Which canines have more developed, larger and sharper cusp tips?
Maxillary
Which cusp slope is longer on maxillary canines?
Distal cusp slope
Where is depression located near CEJ on maxillary canines?
Between CEJ and distal contact
Location of mesial contact on maxillary canines
Junction of incisal and middle thirds
Location of distal contact on maxillary canines
Middle third (is most cervical contact of all anterior teeth)
T/F: Lingual surface is wider than labial surface of canines
False; Lingual surface is narrower
T/F: Mandibular canines have more prominent lingual features
False; Maxillary lingual features are more prominent
Which marginal ridge is longer on canines?
Mesial marginal ridge
What does the lingual ridge do?
Separates the two lingual fossae
What are the names of the lingual fossae?
Mesiolingual fossa and distolingual fossa
T/F: CEJ curves higher incisally on mesial than distal surface on canines
True
Where is height of contour located on labial and lingual surfaces of canines?
Cervical third
T/F: Labial and lingual height of contour is more prominent on mandibular canines than maxillary
False; More prominent on maxillary canines
Reasons canines appear darker than other anterior teeth
1. Their shape allows less light to bounce off of them
2. They are thicker so less light can penetrate and illuminate them
T/F: From incisal view, crown outline of maxillary canines is symmetrical
False; It is asymmetrical as the mesial part of the crown has greater LL bulk
From incisal view, which half of labial outline is more concave on maxillary incisors?
Distal
From incisal view, which half of lingual outline is more concave on maxillary canines and what is the reason?
Distal, because distal fossa is deeper and more pronounced
Which canines can have two roots (labial/lingual)?
Mandibular
Which canines are usually straight at apex?
Mandibular
T/F: Mesial root depressions on maxillary canines are more pronounced and deeper than those on mandibular canines
False; Mandibular mesial root depressions are more pronounced and deeper
Which canines have root depressions that are so pronounced they can create facial and lingual components in the apical third, giving the tooth a double rooted appearance?
Mandibular
Which canines are narrower LL and MD?
Mandibular
T/F: Cusp tips are more obtuse and blunted on maxillary canines
False; More obtuse and blunted on mandibular canines
In which direction do mandibular canine crowns appear to be bent?
Distally
Labial surface of which canines appear more rounded?
Maxillary
Which cusp slope is shorter on mandibular canines?
Mesial cusp slope
T/F: Mesial cusp slope of mandibular canines is close to horizontal
True
T/F: Distal contour of mandibular canines is almost flat and nearly in line with root contour
False; Mesial contour is nearly flat and nearly in line with root contour
T/F: Distal contour of mandibular canines is convex in the cervical third and concave in the incisal two-thirds
False; Distal contour is concave in cervical third and convex in incisal two-thirds
Mesial contact of mandibular canines
Incisal third and more incisal than that of maxillary canines
Distal contact of mandibular canines
At junction of middle and incisal third
Location of cingulum on labial surface of mandibular canines
Distal to mid-root axis line
T/F: Labial contour on mandibular canines is so minimal that the root and crown contours appear to be continuous
True