Pharmacology Chapter 2 Terms

fermentation

A combustive process in which yeasts interact with the sugars in plants such as grapes, grains, and fruits to produce an enzyme that converts sugar into alcohol.

opium poppy

A plant cultivated for centuries, primarily in Eurasia, for opium - a narcotic that acts as a central nervous system depressant.

Cannabis sativa

The Indian hemp plant popularly known as marijuana; its resin, flowering tops, leaves, and stem contain the plant's psychoactive substances.

hashish

a drug produced from the resin that covers the flowers of the cannabis hemp plant. the resin generally contains a greater concentration of the drug's psychoactive properties.

prohibition

The legislation forbidding of the sale of a substance, as in the alcohol Prohibition era in the United States, 1920-1933.

narcotic

a central nervous system depressant that contains sedative and pain-relieving compounds.

peyote

a cactus plant, the top of which (a "button") is dried and ingested for its hallucinogenic properties.

morphine

a derivative of opium best known as a potent pain-relieving medication

patent medicines

products that were sold, most often in the 19th century, as medicines that would cure a host of illnesses and diseases.

amphetamines

central nervous system stimulants that act like naturally occurring adrenaline

solvent

a substance, usually a liquid or gas that contains one or more intoxicating components; examples are glue, gasoline, and nonstick-frying pan sprays.

bath salts

a psychoactive "designer drug" that is synthesized from various amphetamine-like chemicals and can be inhaled, swallowed, smoked, or injected.

synthetic marijuana

A psychoactive "designer drug" comprised of natural plants that are sprayed with synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of cannabis when consumed.

avoirdupois

something sold or measured by weight based on 1 pound equaling 16 ounces

speakeasy

A slang expression used to describe a saloon operating without a license; popularly used during Prohibition