Define Terrain Flight
Terrain flight is a tactic that uses terrain, vegetation, and manmade objects to mask aircraft from visual, optical, thermal and electronic detection systems. Terrain flight training is conducted at 200 feet or less above the highest obstacle (AHO).
Define METT-TC
-Mission Commanders and staffs view all of the mission variables in terms of their impact on mission accomplishment. The mission is the task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore. It is always t
What are Hazards to Terrain flight
The aviator must be constantly alert for all hazards to terrain flying. Hazards to terrain flight can be classified as
Meteorological
Physical
Human
Call for fire 3 calls in order
A. (Radio Transmission #1)
a. Observer identification (appropriate call sign)
b. Warning order (type of mission, size of the element to fire for effect, and the method the target location).
B. (Radio Transmission #2)
a. Location of target (grid coordinate
What should observer always strive for (call for fire)
First round is fire for effect
What is danger close?
Artillary = 600
Naval artillary = 750
After you call FDC what happens?
They send back message to observer (MTO)
Key tasks for aerial observation
Detect
Identify
Locate
Report
Immediate contact what do you do?
Hasty target handover
Factors that affect your search
Weather (the ceiling / visibility)
Altitude (stuff looks tiny when you're up high)
Air speed (its hard to see things at high speeds)
Terrain ( Jungle coverage vs camp in the desert)
Cues (visual cues - see MCLOSSTT
H Human EYE (your vision may suck)
Tactical considerations for LZ/PZ
A. Mission: Determine if the LZ or PZ will facilitate the supported units ability to accomplish the mission.
B. Security: Consider size and proximity of threat elements versus availability of security forces. Consider cover and concealment, key terrain, a
Offensive task is established to regain contact?
Movement to contact
If enemy contact is imminent what technique of movement is uded
Bounding overwatch
What are the Techniques of movement (TTB)
Traveling: Primarily used when enemy contact is unlikely. It is the fastest method for moving a formation of aircraft, but provides the least amount of security. Low level flight and contour flight at high airspeed are normally used for movement.
Travelin
Define route Reconnaissance
Crews conduct route reconnaissance to obtain detailed information about a specific route and all adjacent terrain where the enemy (or friendly) could influence movement along the route.
The reconnaissance may be oriented on a road, axis, air route, genera
Meteorological conditions for LZ/PZ
A. Ceiling and Visibility: This must be considered in order to prevent IIMC.
B. Winds: Determine approach and departure paths.
C. Density Altitude: High density altitude may limit loads and therefore require more sorties.
Inherent task for all aviation units at all times
Reconnaissance
7 fundamentals of reconnaissance
A. Gain and maintained enemy contact
B. Orient on the reconnaissance objective
C. Report all information timely and accurately
D. Retain freedom to maneuver
E. Develop the situation rapidly
F. Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve
G. Ensure continu
What is a BDA?
Battle damage assessment
4 different types of reconnaissance
Zone reconnaissance.
Area reconnaissance.
Route reconnaissance.
Reconnaissance in force.
After an incident how many hours do you have to tell the commander?
Individuals who deviate from the provisions of this regulation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), or host country regulations must report details of the incident directly to their unit commander. The incident must be reported within 24 hours after it
Currency requirements in an aircraft?
If 60 days have elapsed since the last flight as pilot or pilot in command in the mission, type, design, and series (or series group, para 4-19) to be flown, the aviator will be administered a proficiency flight evaluation.
SVFR minimums
Ref. AR95-1 5-2c(4) / AP1 Chap 3
A. AR 95-1 helicopter SVFR minima is � mile visibility and clear of clouds unless a higher minimum is required at the airfield.
B. Cairns SVFR minimums published in AP/1 require 300 ft ceiling and � mile visibility daytime
What are your weather minimums for A, B, C, D, E, G airspace
Airspace Classification/ Description
Sectional chart color
Visibility
Distance from clouds
A - at/above 18,000 MSL - None -N/A - IFR -N/A - IFR -
Mode C - MODE C veil - 30 NM around B - Magenta circle - N/A - N/A - Mode C
B - floor, ceiling in MSL 10/20 -
How long is your weather void time good for?
1 hour and 30 minutes
What are the requirements for selecting an alternate airport.
1.
Weather must meet approach minimums.
3.
M Be a monitored nav aid
W Add 400 feet to ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility. For alternate
R RADAR monitored. ( check always )
6
WX Weather add 400 and 1 statute mile. Must be good at ETA plus one hour
G GPS
How long can you stay VFR on top?
b. Over-the-top flights. Aircraft will not be flown above a cloud or fog layer under VFR for more than 30 minutes unless�
(1) The aircraft is equipped for IMC flight per table 5-2 in this regulation and not restricted from IMC flight.
(2) All instrument f
Hypoxia 4 types?
Definition - Hypoxia results when the body lacks oxygen for any reason.
Types of Hypoxia
1. Hypoxic (most common cause of hypoxia encountered by aviators)
2. Hypemic
3. Histotoxic
4. Stagnant
Hypoxic Hypoxia Reduction in pressure oxygen (PO2), preventing
Types of fatigue?
Defintion The state of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work, extended periods of anxiety, loss of sleep or exposure to harsh environments. Boring or monotonous tasks can increase fatigue.
Types of Fatigue
1.
Self imposed stressors
The body's nonspecific response to any demand placed on it.
Types of Stress
1. Psychosocial (life events, job, illness, family)
2. Environmental (hot, cold, altitude, speed, aircraft design)
3. Cognitive (mental)
4. Physiological (self-imposed)
Physiologi
Drinking restriction for flying?
12 hours bottle to brief.
Simulator sickness restriction.
12 hours after symptoms are gone
Draw aerodynamics of airfoil
...
Dynamic rollover explain?
Susceptibility of a helicopter to a lateral-rolling tendency.
Conditions required for dynamic rollover:
1. Pivot Point - contact with the ground
2. Rolling Motion - More rolling motion means critical angle is exceeded sooner 3. Exceeding the Critical Angl
Translating tendencies
The tendency of the helicopter to move in the direction of the tail rotor thrust. The side force produced by the tail rotor, unless corrected, results in the helicopter moving sideways on the ground or in hover. The main rotor thrust is offset to produce
Airflow at a hover
1. Hover occurs when lift produced by downward airflow from the rotor system equals total weight of the helicopter.
2. Two types of airflow at a hover: Induced Flow, Wing Tip Vortices
3. Ground effect - increased efficiency of the rotor system caused by i
Sectional symbols
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Technical for LZ/PZ recon
A. Landing Formation: Determine if the LZ/PZ/HA shape and size are suitable for the formation to be flown.
B. Obstacles: Hazards within the LZ/PZ that cannot be eliminated and must be plotted.
C. Number of Aircraft: Determine if the size of the LZ/PZ/HA w
Minimum requirement to shoot an instrument approach.
None.
Can you gain timely information from satellite imagery ( can you use it for recon use )
Yes