Biology 1 - Co-ordination and Control

Eyes & Ears

Two sensory organ that can detect stimuli from distant objects

Sound

What is the stimulus for hearing?

Chemical

What is the stimulus for taste?

Light

What is the stimulus for sight?

Pressure

What is the stimulus for touch?

Eyes
Nose
Skin
Tongue
Ears

What are the sense organs?

Sensitive to stimuli

Sense organs

Co-ordinates a response to the stimulus

Central Nervous system

Receptors

What allows the sense organs to react to the stimuli?

Sensory Neurone
Motor Neurone

Receptor->............-> CNS->............-> Effector

Nerves

Neurones usual.y occur in bundles known as?

Electrical Impulses from receptors

What do sensory neurones carry?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the CNS consist of?

From the CNS to the rest of the body

Where does the motor neurone carry information

Effector

Where does the response to the stimulus occur?

Muscle
Gland

Name two effectors

Central Nervous System

What does CNS stand for?

Sensory Neurones

What carries information the the CNS?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the CNS consist of?

When an impulse arrives at the junction it is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap, these then set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

Describe what happens at a synapse

Conscious i.e we think about them (if a room is dark, we turn on a light)

Voluntary responses

Unconscious i.e we do not 'decide' to do this ( if a room is dark the pupil will dilate to allow more light into the eye. Reflex responses are involuntary

Involuntary responses

Writing
Reading

Examples of voluntary responses

Sneezing
Coughing
Sweating

Examples of involuntary responses

An automatic, often protective, response

Reflex response

With reflex responses the coordinator is a relay neurone in either the spinal cord or the unconscious area of the brain.

What is the difference between a reflex response compared with a voluntary response?

Either side of a relay neurone

Where are synapses?

Glands

Where are hormones released from?

Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells

Hormones

Increases

FSH does what when an egg is released?

A way of preventing a woman getting pregnant

Contraceptive

Pituitary gland

Where is FSH produced?

Ovaries

Where is Oestrogen produced?

Pituitary gland

Where is LH produced?

Your organs and enzymes cannot work properly if the temperature keeps changing

Why is homeostasis important?

FSH

What hormone causes the eggs to mature?

Oestrogen

What hormone causes growth of the uterus lining?

Phototropism

A plants response to light?

Geotropism

A plants response to gravity?

Hydrotropism

A plants response to water?

Auxin

What is the plant hormone?

When a shoot tip is exposed to light, more auxin accumulates on the side that's in the shade. This makes the cells grow faster on the shaded side, so the shoot bends towards the light.

How do shoots grow towards the light?

When a shoot is growing sideways, gravity produces an unequal distribution of auxin, more auxin is on the lower side. This causes the lower side to grow faster bending the shoot upwards.

How do shoots grow away from gravity?

Promotes growth

Auxin does what in a plant's shoots?

Inhibits growth

Auxin does what in a plant's roots?

A root growing sideways will have more auxin on its lower side (due to gravity). But the extra auxin inhibits growth causing the top of the root to grow faster and making toe root bend downwards.

How do roots grow towards gravity?

An uneven amount of moisture on one side of the root produces more auxin on that side. This inhibits the growth on that side causing the root to bend towards the moisture.

How do roots grow towards moisture?

-Successful weed killers
-Effective and safe
-Kills weeds but not grass or crops

Advantages of using plant hormones

-In high doses can strip leaves off trees
-Causes terrible damage to forests
-People can be affected by the powerful chemicals

Disadvantages of using plant hormones

Eyes & Ears

Two sensory organ that can detect stimuli from distant objects

Sound

What is the stimulus for hearing?

Chemical

What is the stimulus for taste?

Light

What is the stimulus for sight?

Pressure

What is the stimulus for touch?

Eyes
Nose
Skin
Tongue
Ears

What are the sense organs?

Sensitive to stimuli

Sense organs

Co-ordinates a response to the stimulus

Central Nervous system

Receptors

What allows the sense organs to react to the stimuli?

Sensory Neurone
Motor Neurone

Receptor->............-> CNS->............-> Effector

Nerves

Neurones usual.y occur in bundles known as?

Electrical Impulses from receptors

What do sensory neurones carry?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the CNS consist of?

From the CNS to the rest of the body

Where does the motor neurone carry information

Effector

Where does the response to the stimulus occur?

Muscle
Gland

Name two effectors

Central Nervous System

What does CNS stand for?

Sensory Neurones

What carries information the the CNS?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the CNS consist of?

When an impulse arrives at the junction it is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap, these then set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

Describe what happens at a synapse

Conscious i.e we think about them (if a room is dark, we turn on a light)

Voluntary responses

Unconscious i.e we do not 'decide' to do this ( if a room is dark the pupil will dilate to allow more light into the eye. Reflex responses are involuntary

Involuntary responses

Writing
Reading

Examples of voluntary responses

Sneezing
Coughing
Sweating

Examples of involuntary responses

An automatic, often protective, response

Reflex response

With reflex responses the coordinator is a relay neurone in either the spinal cord or the unconscious area of the brain.

What is the difference between a reflex response compared with a voluntary response?

Either side of a relay neurone

Where are synapses?

Glands

Where are hormones released from?

Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells

Hormones

Increases

FSH does what when an egg is released?

A way of preventing a woman getting pregnant

Contraceptive

Pituitary gland

Where is FSH produced?

Ovaries

Where is Oestrogen produced?

Pituitary gland

Where is LH produced?

Your organs and enzymes cannot work properly if the temperature keeps changing

Why is homeostasis important?

FSH

What hormone causes the eggs to mature?

Oestrogen

What hormone causes growth of the uterus lining?

Phototropism

A plants response to light?

Geotropism

A plants response to gravity?

Hydrotropism

A plants response to water?

Auxin

What is the plant hormone?

When a shoot tip is exposed to light, more auxin accumulates on the side that's in the shade. This makes the cells grow faster on the shaded side, so the shoot bends towards the light.

How do shoots grow towards the light?

When a shoot is growing sideways, gravity produces an unequal distribution of auxin, more auxin is on the lower side. This causes the lower side to grow faster bending the shoot upwards.

How do shoots grow away from gravity?

Promotes growth

Auxin does what in a plant's shoots?

Inhibits growth

Auxin does what in a plant's roots?

A root growing sideways will have more auxin on its lower side (due to gravity). But the extra auxin inhibits growth causing the top of the root to grow faster and making toe root bend downwards.

How do roots grow towards gravity?

An uneven amount of moisture on one side of the root produces more auxin on that side. This inhibits the growth on that side causing the root to bend towards the moisture.

How do roots grow towards moisture?

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Advantages of using plant hormones

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Disadvantages of using plant hormones