Coordination
The patterning of head, body, and/or limb motions relative to the pattering of environmental objects and events.
Degrees of Freedom
The number of independent components in a control system and the number of ways each component can vary.
Degrees of Freedom Problem
A control problem that occurs in the designing of a complex system that must produce a specific result; the design problem involves determining how to contrast the system's many degrees of freedom so that it can produce the specific result.
Open-Loop Control System
A control system in which all the information needed to initiate and carry out an action as planned is contained in the initial instructions to the effectors.
Closed-Loop Control System
A system of control in which, during the course of an action, feedback is compared against a standard or reference to enable an action to be carried out as planned.
Feedback
Information from the sensory system that indicates the status of a movement to the central nervous system; in a closed-loop control system, feedback is used to make corrections to an ongoing movement.
Motor Program
A memory representation that stores information needed to perform an action.
Generalized Motor Program (GMP)
The memory representation of a class of actions that share common invariant characteristics; it provides the basis for controlling a specific action within the class of actions.
Invariant Features
A unique set of characteristics that defines a GMP and does not vary from one performance of the action to another.
Invariant features
A unique set of characteristics that defines a GMP and does not vary from one performance of the action to another.
Parameters
Features of the GMP that can be varied from one performance of a skill to another; the features of a GMP before a person can perform a skill to meet specific movement demands of a situation.
Relative Time
The proportion, or percentage of the total amount of time required by each component of a skill during the performance of that skill.
Schema
A rule or set of rules that sets to provide the basis for a decision; in Schmidt's schema theory, an abstract representation of rules governing movement.
Schmidt's Schema Theory
It provides an explanation for how well a person can adapt to new situations or environmental contexts. It also claims to solve the degrees of freedom problem in movement coordination through an executive control operation that organizes motor program and