SPCH CH 14

persuasion 210

the act of motivating a listener, through communication, to change a particular belief, attitude, value, or behavior

persuasive speaking 210

reason giving discourse that involves proposing claims and backing up those claims with proof

informative purpose statement 211

a sentence that tells what knowledge your audience will gain by listening to your speech

signposts 212

words or phrases that emphasize the importance of what you are about to say.

audience involvement 212

the level of commitment and attention that listeners devote to a speech.

audience participation 212

having your listeners actually do something during your speech.

speech to change attitudes 214

persuasion designed to change the way audiences think about a topic

speech to change behavior 214

persuasion designed to change audience actions.

target audience 214

the subgroup you must persuade to reach a goal

common ground 214

similarities between yourself and your audience members.

credibility 215

the believability of a speaker or other source of information.

logos 215

Aristotle's term for the logical dimension of a persuasive speech

ethos 215

Aristotle's term for the ethical dimension of a persuasive speech.

pathos 215

the use of emotional appeals in a persuasive argument.

confirmation bias 215

tendency to believe untrue information if it conforms to one's preconceived biases.

proof statements 217

explaining why your claims are true, along with evidence that backs up those claims.

Monroe's Motivated 218

a five-step persuasive organizational pattern

reasoning 219

the process of making claims and backing them up, logically and rationally

claim 219

one of a series of statements that lead to the conclusion the speaker is trying to establish

subclaim 219

one of a series of statements that support a claim made by a speaker

evidence 220

supporting material used to back up a claim

Toulmin Model 220

the guideline that reminds us to use evidence to back up a claim, as well as a warrant to tie the evidence and claim together

fallacy 222

an error in logic

ad hominem fallacy 222

a fallacious argument that attacks the integrity of a person to weaken his or her position

reductio ad absurdum fallacy 222

fallacious reasoning that unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculous.

either or fallacy 222

fallacious reasoning that sets up false alternatives, suggesting that if the inferior one must be rejected, then the other must be accepted.

post hoc fallacy 222

fallacious reasoning that mistakenly assumes that one event causes another because they occur sequentially.

argumentum ad populum fallacy 222

fallacious reasoning based on the dubious noting that because many people favor an idea, you should too