persuasion 210
the act of motivating a listener, through communication, to change a particular belief, attitude, value, or behavior
persuasive speaking 210
reason giving discourse that involves proposing claims and backing up those claims with proof
informative purpose statement 211
a sentence that tells what knowledge your audience will gain by listening to your speech
signposts 212
words or phrases that emphasize the importance of what you are about to say.
audience involvement 212
the level of commitment and attention that listeners devote to a speech.
audience participation 212
having your listeners actually do something during your speech.
speech to change attitudes 214
persuasion designed to change the way audiences think about a topic
speech to change behavior 214
persuasion designed to change audience actions.
target audience 214
the subgroup you must persuade to reach a goal
common ground 214
similarities between yourself and your audience members.
credibility 215
the believability of a speaker or other source of information.
logos 215
Aristotle's term for the logical dimension of a persuasive speech
ethos 215
Aristotle's term for the ethical dimension of a persuasive speech.
pathos 215
the use of emotional appeals in a persuasive argument.
confirmation bias 215
tendency to believe untrue information if it conforms to one's preconceived biases.
proof statements 217
explaining why your claims are true, along with evidence that backs up those claims.
Monroe's Motivated 218
a five-step persuasive organizational pattern
reasoning 219
the process of making claims and backing them up, logically and rationally
claim 219
one of a series of statements that lead to the conclusion the speaker is trying to establish
subclaim 219
one of a series of statements that support a claim made by a speaker
evidence 220
supporting material used to back up a claim
Toulmin Model 220
the guideline that reminds us to use evidence to back up a claim, as well as a warrant to tie the evidence and claim together
fallacy 222
an error in logic
ad hominem fallacy 222
a fallacious argument that attacks the integrity of a person to weaken his or her position
reductio ad absurdum fallacy 222
fallacious reasoning that unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculous.
either or fallacy 222
fallacious reasoning that sets up false alternatives, suggesting that if the inferior one must be rejected, then the other must be accepted.
post hoc fallacy 222
fallacious reasoning that mistakenly assumes that one event causes another because they occur sequentially.
argumentum ad populum fallacy 222
fallacious reasoning based on the dubious noting that because many people favor an idea, you should too