candlepower distribution curve
a graph that illustrates the direction, pattern, and intensity of light emitted from a luminaire
note card
You will be allowed (1) 3"x5" note card with ONLY formulas for lighting calculations. This card will be turned in with your test.
coefficient of utilization (CU)
the ratio of initial lamp lumens to the lumens on a work surface
illuminance (E)
the total amount of light falling on a surface, measured in lux or foot-candle
lamp lumen depreciation (LLD)
a measure of the loss of lumens resulting from the design of a lamp
light loss factor (LLF)
the amount of illuminance lost because of the type of lamp, ambient temperature of the space, time, input voltage, ballast, lamp position, interior conditions, or burnouts.
luminaire dirt depreciation (LDD)
a measure of the loss of light that results from dirt and dust accumulation
luminance (L)
a measure of the objective brightness of a light source
luminance exitance
the total quantity of light reflected and emitted in all directions from a surface or material
luminance flux (F)
the total amount of illumination emitted by a light source measured in lumens
luminous intensity (I)
the intensity of light from a source pointing in a specific direction on a solid angle called the steradian
nadir
zero on the polar candlepower distribution curve
photometry
a scientific discipline dealing with the measurement of light, including the effects of vision
radiometry
a scientific discipline dealing with the measurement of radiant energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
room-cavity ration (RCR)
a formula designed to take into account the proportions of a space and the potential distance from the luminaires to a work surface
lumen method
a formula used to determine the average illuminance in a space
point by point method
a formula used to determine the foot-candle level for a sculpture or piece of art
reflected ceiling plan
a contract working drawing that illustrates the design of the ceiling, including the location of the luminaires architectural elements, and any HVAC equipment as it would appear if seen in a mirror located on the floor.
charrette
a form of brainstorming that involves professionals and other people involved with a project. The compressed process is an interdisciplinary and collaborative activity that combines brainstorming with immediate feedback loops.
identify a profile of the project and determine resources required to complete the objectives
What is the primary purpose of planning a project?
programming
The phase for collecting data is:
an assessment of the present situation and anticipated future needs
Interview and survey questions should always include?
to work through the details of the conceptual lighting design and produce presentation mediums and specifications to present to the client for approval.
What is the primary purpose of the design development phase?
1) project planning
2) comprehensive programming
3) schematic design
4) design development
5) contract (or construction) documents
6) contract (or construction) administration
7) evaluation (or commissioning)
List the seven phases of the lighting design process
construction drawing
graphic representation of a lighting system that supplements specifications
electrical plan
commonly used working drawing that designates electrical units and their location in a space.
lighting plan
commonly used working drawing that designates lighting units and their location in a space
lighting schedule
commonly used on a working drawing for the purpose of listing and describing details of lighting systems.
location of luminaires
switches
control loops
What list of items should be included on a lighting plan?
luminaires
switches
outlets
junction boxes
auxiliary units
wiring for controls
What list of items should be included on an electrical plan?
location of luminaires
switches
control loops
architectural elements
and any HVAC equipment
What list of items should be included on an RCP?
1) assess the effectiveness of the lighting design
2) conduct modifications whenever possible
3) acquire information that can be used to improve future projects
What are the three purposes of post occupancy evaluations?
What will be provided:
room dimensions and reflectances
fixture cutsheet to determine (CU) and lumens
Qty of fixtures
be able to use the lumen method formula to solve for average illuminance (foot candles) on a workplane
What will be provided:
room dimensions and reflectances
fixture cutsheet to determine (CU) and lumens
Target illuminance (fc)
be able to use the lumen method formula to solve for the number of fixtures needed to achieve a certain illuminance target (foot candles).
What will be provided:
fixture/lamp candelas
fixture location AFF
task surface location AFF
be able to use the point-by-point method to solve for the illuminance (foot candles directly below a fixture
What will be provided:
target illuminance (fc)
fixture location AFF
task surface location AFF
be able to use the point-by-point method to solve for the luminance intensity (candela) value needed to achieve a certian illuminance level (fc) directly below a fixture
What will be provided:
fixture/lamp candelas
fixture location AFF
task surface location AFF
Beam angle and distance away to target fc location
be able to use the point-by-point method to solve for the illuminance (fc) a specific distance away from a fixture
What will be provided:
fixture/lamp candelas
fixture aiming angle
fixture distance from vertical surface
be able to use the point-by-point method to solve for the illuminance (fc) at a vertically mounted surface at a 30 degree angle
the illumination levels must be adjusted for daylight and evening hours
One of the major concerns related to lighting entries and foyers
light must accommodate people moving through space
because it is a transitional space, this is an important consideration when lighting a hallway
cross-lighting
the term to describe when light is directed from the right and left of a task or object
a clear distinction between risers and treads
illuminating stairs requires what?
a CRI of 100. The desired color temperature of the lamp can vary with ethnicity
lamps for facial grooming should have?
project an image to consumers, attract customers to the store, and focus attention on merchandise
what is a primary goal of retail lighting?
minimize the impact on the local and global environment
when designing a sustainable commercial lighting plan, a designer should what?
be comparable
to efficiently see signage and the geometry of the space, illumination levels used in an elevator and adjoining areas should what?
illumination of the perimeter walls
to encourage customers to walk to all areas of a store, what is the best lighting technique
educational classrooms and retail stores
according to research, the integration of daylight has improved peoples behavior in which commercial building to?
anthropometric data
detailed measurements of the human body that can be used to determine the location of luminaires, switches, and outlets.
localized lighting
a lighting technique that allows a user to position light sources where they are needed and at the appropriate illumination level.
risers and treads
staircases should be illuminated in a manner that allows clear distinction between _____?
layered lighting
_____ is important for all rooms in a residence including bathrooms.
visual comfort
lighting systems for commercial interiors should enhance____ while accommodating functional and aesthetic requirements.
a lighting designer and other professionals involved in the project engage in a comprehensive brainstorming process
What occurs during the conceptualization process of the schematic design phase?
registered professionals, such as architects and engineers
Who can legally stamp working drawings and specifications to certify that they meet the necessary standards?