Docking
Done for health/wellbeing of sheep
Four pronged instrument w/ rubber band
What tool is used for tail docking that is also used to castrate animals?
about a week
How long does it take for the tail to fall off after docking?
2-3 days after birth
When is tail docking done to animals?
It could cause the animal to prolapse
What happens if you dock a tail to close to the body?
Shaving the area around the vulva to prevent that area from getting wool tags
What is crutching?
couple weeks before birth
When is crutching done?
Fall
When do you worm in Iowa?
So that the worms don't become immune to the product that you use
Why do you rotate wormer?
Great Pyrenees
Anatolian
Commanders
What are types of guardian dogs that farmers use for sheep?
Boarder Collie
What is the most common herding dog that sheep farmers use?
left
What does away from me mean?
right
What does come by mean?
66%
in 1994 coyotes were accountable for how many kills?
Jugular kill, then the attack the rear end to pull the insides out
How can you tell that a coyote was the cause of a sheep kill?
The herd will be upset.
How can you tell that a domestic dog is responsible for a kill?
No
Once a domestic dog starts to run sheep can you stop them?
California, Texas, Colorado
Which is the #1 lamb feeding state? #2? #3?
High Concentrate- 90% whole corn
What is the diet of feedlot lambs?
overeating"
Urinary Calculi
(Only happens to males)
What are some major diseases of sheep/goats?
not a big variable
Wool sales are major or not a big variable in the US?
by crimp and diameter
How is wool measured?
better quality wool
More waves in the crimp equals what?
getting lanolin
When you scour the wool
The "grease" that is in the wool
What is lanolin?
Boar Goat
What is the goat the is used for meat production?
Alpine
Togenburg
What are different breeds for milk production?
Their Mohair (cross between hair and wool)
What is an Angora goat used for?
The first cut
Which cut is the finest cut of the Angora goat?
140-150 days
How long is the gestation period for goats and sheep?
17 days
How long is the estrous cycle for sheep?
21 days
How long the the estrous cycle for goats?
Seasonal breeders
What kind of breeders are sheep and goats called?
Mutton
What has a stronger flavor? Mutton or lamb?
Goat meat
What is Cabrito/chevon?
Calling it lamb
What is the market issue with sheep meat?
2 spool joints: mutton
2 break joints: lamb
1 of each: yearling
How do they know to call it lamb or mutton?
3rd
US is ranked what in swine production?
Iowa #1
North Caroline #2
Who are the # 1 & 2 states in swine production?
6 months
How old are hogs at market weight?
crops & packing plants
What make Iowa a finishing state?
Iowa has crops
What advantage does Iowa have over NC?
China
Who leads the world in swine production?
Outside housing
A huts
What was past production systems like?
So the piglets can escape the mom
Why did farmers use A huts?
#NAME?
Why do we now raise pigs inside?
moving pigs in the same age group all into the same unit at once and shipping them out at the same time
What is all-in all-out?
# of farms has gone down but the # of hogs produced has gone up
What has happened to the hog production?
Side to side
Long way
What is the type of ventilation in farrowing houses? Finishing units?
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
What is PED?
causes diarrhea
loves cold weather
98% death rate
pathogenic
How does PED move/effect in hogs?
Dr. Harris from Ames
Who came up with a cure for PED?
low
Is litter size a low or high heritable trait?
9.3 - 10.7
Since 2007-2016 efficiency of litter has gone from ______ to _____?
25 pigs/sow/year
What is the production litter size goal?
114 days (3 months 3 weeks 3 days)
How long is a sows gestation?
21 days
How long is the estrous cycle of a sow?
2.3 per year
How many litters do we want sows to average a year?
wean at the same time
What is the best way to get sows in sink when breeding?
Vertically Integrated
Is the hog production world vertically integrated or horizontally?
The company
When the finishing barns are contracted who owns the hogs?
3 weeks
When are pigs weaned?
corn and soybean sorghum
What are diets of finishing hogs?
biosecurity
Why are there multiple sites to raise hogs?
The company
When a contracting company brings you their hogs who's biosecurity rules do you go by?
For their safety
Why do we put sows in the stalls during gestation?
Forward and backward but not side to side
Can the sows move in gestation stalls?
Sows: 60
Piglets: 90-95
At what temperature do sows like the stall? Piglets?
about 30%
What is the crushing rate of piglets without the farrowing stall?
at least 12
You want how many productional teats?
270 day weight
155 days to what weight?
2.8 to 1 lbs
how many lbs per feed per lb of gain?
3/4 of the cost
Feed cost is what % of production cost?
Boar hogs
What is at the top of production pyramid?
48-72 hours
What is the downtown between visiting different hog sites?
Shower-in shower-out
Rodent Control
Nets to protect from birds
all-in all-out
people control
List the common biosecurity practices:
fat depth at 10th rib
loin eye
muscling score
What are Carcass traits?
Ability to withstand rigor of production of confinement
Structure Soundness:
Boars are the reason for genetic change
Why is the boar important?
one inch of back fat = an inch on the belly for bacon
Why do you need one inch of back fat?
To place in the track of reproduction.
What is the point of seedstock?
crossbred
Is seedstock hogs mainly crossbred or purebred?
Nuclear weapons
Livestock/food stock production is the most government regulated industry behind what?
Best: Japan
Most: Mexico
Where does the best pork product go? The most?
Monogastric
What is a poultry's digestive tract?
TRUE
The poultry industry is vertically integrated. True or False?
Meat:
-Broiler (chickens)
-Turkeys
-Other (Niche industries)
Eggs:
-Layers
Types of poultry industries:
Crossbred Cornish Rock
What is the breed used in broiler production?
To appeal to the eye of the consumer
Why are meat birds white?
1.75 lbs per 1 lb of feed
What is the rate of gain in broiler hens?
No
Is there any nutritional value between brown eggs and white eggs?
Because they aren't around enough
Why don't you treat broilers with antibiotics?
Southeast US
What section of the US is the predominant area of broiler production?
Immediately to the barn, but kept in a small section then let into the whole barn
From the incubator where are the chicks transported to?
Pasture Raised
What are other types of ways to raise broilers?
Adv.
-cheaper
-market for the consumers
Dis.
-No way of disinfecting
-Predators
-Can't control temp.
What are adv. and dis. to pasture raised broilers?
White Leghorn
What is the most common hen for layer production?
TRUE
The shell is the last thing to develop, true or false?
The color of the earlobe
How can you tell what color the eggs will be?
1.5 lbs
How much does a layer hen weigh?
>270 eggs
How many eggs does a hen produce in a year?
20 weeks of age
When do hens start to lay eggs?
The time where hens start to naturally malt because of shorter day periods and don't lay eggs.
What is the photoperiod?
False: Iowa is the #1 state.
Nebraska is the #1 state for layer production.
Solely for the purpose of making the old look brighter and more yellow.
Why do we feed hens marigold petals?
25 hours
About how long does it take to produce an egg?
For cleanliness and safety of the birds
Why do they keep the eggs, manure, feed, and chickens all separate?
TRUE
Eggs are removed on a conveyor belt once hatched and dropped from the battery cages.
McDonald's
Who is the #1 beer of eggs in the US?
King Amendment
What amendment states that one state can't tell another how to raise their eggs/hens?
New Hampshire, & Barred Rock
What hens are used for brown egg production?
Spent hen
Hens are kept for sever laying cycles then are a _____________________?
A hen that no longer is producing a good amount of eggs and is then sold to be used for meat.
What is a spent hen?
Campbell's Soup
Who normally is the buyer of spent hens?
about 3 weeks
How long are eggs good for?
Hens: 12-14 weeks
Toms: 14-17 weeks
How long does it take for hen turkeys to grow? Toms?
They aren't with hen turkeys so there is no need
Why don't we castrate male turkeys?
70%
How much of the turkey production is now further processed?
Minnesota & North Carolina
What are the top states for turkey production?
21 days
Chicken eggs take how long to hatch?
28 days
How long does is take for turkey eggs to hatch?
Poult or Jake
What is a young turkey called?
Duck
Pheasant
Quail
What are some specialty industries of poultry?
100%
What % of Turkeys are artificially inseminated?
They have been selected for thick breast meat and the male can no longer have contact with female (in the mating sense)
Why are turkeys AI'ed instead of naturally breeding?
Modified monogastric
What type of digestion track are equine?
Hobby
Pleasure
Recreation
What is today's equine industry mainly?
TRUE
Breeds have been developed for very different purposes. True or False?
Value maybe added with training the horse.
What is the concept with horses that is different from the industries that we have talked about so far?
economy dependent
The horse industry is very ______________________.
Boarding
Training
Breeding
A combination of all of these
List the different equine operations:
2009
When was the act passed stating it was illegal to harvest horses in the US?
Draft breeds:
Clydesdale
Percheron
Belgian
Shire
What breeds were breed for work horses?
Gentle Giant
The Belgian horse can also be known as what?
Wimpy
The first American Quarter Horse registered was a stallion named what?
Known for sprinting short distances, especially the 1/4 mile
Why is it called a Quarter Horse?
Hunter Jumper
Fox Hunting
Halter
Western Pleasure Riding
Racing
Dressage
What are some sports horses are bred for?
War
Horses were originally bred for what?
The Myth of the centaur
The myth of what came from the first battle that was fought horseback?
Big horses bred to hold large amounts of armor on their back
What are chargers?
about 18
About how many breeds could be on the battle field at once?
It was the battle that made the myth that knights were invincible go away.
What is the significance of the Battle of Hastings besides the fact that it remained Englands territory and didn't get turned over to France?
They drove them into a marsh after a rain and placed spikes so that when horses got stuck the knights would fall off and get killed.
How did the English defeat the knights from France at the battle of Hastings?
Palomino
Appaloosa
Paint (Tobiano and Ovaro)
What are equine breeds developed by the US based off color of the horse instead of the genetic make up of the horse?