Controls
designed and/or programmed to determine how and when the lights come on
Auxillary Controls
Transformers, LED drivers and ballasts
Transformers
regulate the level of electricity coming into a fixture
transformer will convert the incoming electricity from...
110 volts to 12 or 24 volts.
voltage drop
If the transformer is located too far from the
last fixtures, the light from those fixtures will
be dimmer than the ones closer to the
transformer
LED Drivers
similar to ballasts for fluorescent lamps or to transformers for low-voltage lamps in that they provide LEDs with the electricity required to function and to perform at the design level of the luminaire
Ballasts
used for electric discharge lamps (flourescent and HID)
used to regulate electrical current coming into the fixture
Commissioning
a systematic process of ensuring that all building systems perform interactively according to documented design intent and the owner's operational needs.
Benefits of Commissioning
� reduced owner energy and operating costs;
� enhanced property value and marketability;
� greater accountability for work quality by project team participants;
� reduced risk exposure across the design team;
� verification the building and its systems wi
Color-Tunable Lighting
Color changing from cool blue to warm red
Tuneable-White
Adjust white light from cool to warm dimming
Predictable Scheduling
Used to control lights when there is a set routine.
Work schedules, lunch time.
Unpredictable Scheduling-
Used in restrooms, retail dressing rooms.
Load Shedding
The practice of temporarily reducing the supply of electricity to an area in peak times to save energy
Task Tuning
-Use controls to individualize a luminaire in a space.
Equipment I
Switches
Dimmers
Timers
Sensors
Architectural Dimming
continuous dimming used in daylighting harvesting to keep a steady level of lighting
Stepped Dimming
when the dimming reduces in increments of 100%, 66% and 33%
Occupancy/Vacancy Sensors
-used to control lighting when people are in the space.
Ultrasonic Sensors
-detects movement by analyzing wave patterns. Not to be used near
ventilation diffusers.
PIR (Passive Infrared) Sensors
detects body heat and requires unobstructed spaces.
Equipment II
Photosensors
Scene Controls
Centralized/Networked Control Systems
Centralized/Networked Control Systems
uses a microprocessor to monitor, adjust and regulate mechanical, energy and security system within a building.
Scene Controls
presets different lighting levels for different conditions with a space
Photosensors
detect illumination level and end signals to turn lights on and off or adjust light level to a specific brightness.
Photometry or Photometrics
The measurement of the intensity, brightness, or other properties of light
Visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from...
380 to 750 nanometers
650 nm
red
540 nm
green
450 nm
blue
International System of Units (SI)
Luminous Flux (F)
Luminous Intensity (I)
Illuminance (E)
Luminance (L)
Luminous Flux (F)
The total luminous flux is the sum of all the illumination emitted in all directions
Luminous Intensity (I)
The measure of the amount of light power emanating from a point source within a solid angle of one steradian
Luminous Intensity is measured in...
candelas (cd).
Illuminance (E)
The amount of light striking a surface - also known as incident light
Illuminance is measured in...
Foot-candles (fc) or Lux (lx)
Luminance (L)
The amount of light emitting, passing through or reflected from a particular surface and seen by the eye
Luminance is measured in...
Candela Per Square Meter (cd/m2)
Candlepower Distribution Curve
determines how the light falls on a surface and how many lamps and luminaires to use.
Polar Luminous Intensity Graph
The diagram illustrates the distribution of luminous intensity, in candelas,
for the transverse and axial planes of the luminaire
methods to calculate light
point by point
luman method
point by point
direct illumination from a fixture or lamp
Lumen Method
A method for determining average illuminance in a space