Physics Chapter 1

The study of matter and energy is ____ .

physics

A ____ is a systematic way to observe, experiment, and analyze
the world.

scientific method

The valid digits in a measurement are called the ____ .

significant figures

A(n) ____ describes the relationship between two variables in
which an increase in one variable results in the decrease of
another variable.

inverse relationship

On a graph, the ____ is the line drawn as close as possible to all
of the data points

line of best fit

A(n) ____ is an educated guess about how variables are related.

hypothesis

The ____ is the factor that is changed or manipulated during an experiment.

independent variable

A(n) ____ is description of a rule of nature.

scientific law

A(n) ____ is a comparison between an unknown quantity and
a standard.

measurement

A straight line on a graph shows that there is a(n) ____ between
the two variables.

linear relationship

A(n) ____ is an explanation supported by experimental results.

scientific theory

____ describes how well the results of a measurement agree
with the real value.

accuracy

The ____ is the factor that depends on the independent variable.

dependent variable

The method of treating units as algebraic quantities, which can
be cancelled, is called ____ .

dimensional analysis

A(n) ____ exists when one variable depends on the square
of another.

quadratic relationship

The degree of exactness of a measurement is called ____

precision

A ____ is a representation of an idea, event, structure, or object
that helps people to better understand it.

model

____ describes a rule of nature.
a. Scientific theory c. Scientific law b. Scientific method d. Physics

C(scientific law)

Scientists make an educated guess about a question they ask called a ____ .
a. hypothesis c. scientific theory b. scientific method d. model

A(hypothesis)

The field of science that studies mass and energy relationships is ____ .
a. biology
c. chemistry
b. physics
d. models

B(physics)

Creating or using a formula to help you understand an idea is using a ____ . a. scientific law c. scientific method
b. model
d. hypothesis

B(scientific law)

The experimental process that a scientist uses to solve a question involves a variety of ____ .
a. models
c. scientific laws b. hypotheses d. scientific methods

D(scientific methods)

A ____ is an explanation supported by experimental results. a. scientific theory c. scientific law b. hypothesis d. model

A(scientific theory)

Physicists do (1) __________________________ , make observations, and collect
(2) __________________________

experiments
experimental data

They predict the (3) __________________________ using different models

results

They create (4) __________________________ to describe their observations. Due to the mathematical nature of their work, physicists can enter numbers into (5) __________________________ to model observations and make predictions

theories
equations

The numerical values in an equation are also described by (6) __________________________ , such as amperes, ohms, and volts.

SI units

7) __________________________ is the method of treating the units as algebraic quantities, which can be cancelled. Varying numerical results from equations can be plotted as (8) __________________________ .

dimensional analysis
graphs

base quantity of temperature

kelvin

base quantity of electric current

ampere

base quantity of length

meter

base quantity of time

second

base amount of a substance

mole

pico

10 ^ -12

centi

10 ^ -2

micro

10 ^ -6

mega

10 ^ 6

When you perform any arithmetic operation and round off the last digit, this is the *most precise part of the measurement.

least

The figure 0.0730 has *two significant figures.

three

Answers derived with a calculator should be written *exactly as they appear on the calculator.

with the number of significant figures necessary

The apparent shift in position of an object when it is viewed from various angles is called ____ .
a. parallax
c. calibration b. margin of error d. accuracy

A(parallax)

A device with very small divisions on its scale can measure with ____ .
a. scientific notation c. precision b. agreement d. fundamental units

C(precision)

An atomic mass unit is measured at 1.660 1027 kg, a number that has ____ significant figures.
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4

D(4)

The NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain clock in Colorado is our standard for ____ in measuring time.
a. significant digits c. measuring instruments b. accuracy
d. calculating errors

B(accuracy)

A comparison between an unknown quantity and a standard is referred to as a ____ .
a. margin of error c. measurement b. consistency d. variable

C(measurement)

____ is a technique used to assure the accuracy of a measuring instrument.
a. Two-point calibration c. Analysis b. Precision
d. Dimension

A(two point calibration)

The degree of possible error in a measurement is called its ____ . a. fundamental unit c. precision balance b. mechanical quantity d. margin of uncertainty

D(margin of uncertainty)

GPS uses a series of 24 satellites to locate places on Earth with great ____ .
a. accuracy
c. accuracy and precision
b. precision
d. technique

C(accuracy and precision)

Draw a conclusion.

step 2

Compare experimentation with careful measurements and analyses of
results.

step 1

Test deductions to determine if they are valid.

step 3

the equation of a linear relationship

y= mx+b

the shape of a graph of a linear
relationship

straight line

the equation of an inverse relationship

y= a/x

the equation of a quadratic relationship

y= ax^2+bx^2+c

Write a paragraph on GPS.

GPS is the global positioning system that gives precise location. There are 24 satellites that send signals with the time. Receivers have different levels of precision. It was developed by the US Department of Defense. From 1973-1995 it was only available

Give three examples of parallax.

reading the measurement on a ruler, trying to see how far away you are from something, looking through a telescope