To possess optical activity, a compound must be:
A) a carbohydrate.
B) a hexose.
C) asymmetric.
D) colored.
E) D-glucose.
C) asymmetric
Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose?
A) Erythrose
B) Fructose
C) Glucose
D) Glyceraldehyde
E) Ribose
B) Fructose
The reference compound for naming D and L isomers of sugars is:
A) fructose.
B) glucose.
C) glyceraldehyde.
D) ribose.
E) sucrose
C) glyceraldehyde.
When two carbohydrates are epimers:
A) one is a pyranose, the other a furanose.
B) one is an aldose, the other a ketose.
C) they differ in length by one carbon.
D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom.
E) they rotate plane-polarize
D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom.
Which of the following is an epimeric pair?
A) D-glucose and D-glucosamine
B) D-glucose and D-mannose
C) D-glucose and L-glucose
D) D-lactose and D-sucrose
E) L-mannose and L-fructose
B) D-glucose and D-mannose
Which of following is an anomeric pair?
A) D-glucose and D-fructose
B) D-glucose and L-fructose
C) D-glucose and L-glucose
D) ?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose
E) ?-D-glucose and ?-L-glucose
D) ?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose
When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is a(n):
A) anhydride.
B) glycoside.
C) hemiacetal.
D) lactone.
E) oligosaccharide.
C) hemiacetal.
Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation?
A) D-glucose and D-fructose
B) D-glucose and D-galactose
C) D-glucose and D-glucosamine
D) D-glucose and L-glucose
E) ?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose
E) ?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose
Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?
A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Glyceraldehyde
D) Ribose
E) Sucrose
E) Sucrose
Which of the following monosaccharides is not a carboxylic acid?
A) 6-Phospho-gluconate
B) Gluconate
C) Glucose
D) Glucuronate
E) Muramic acid
C) Glucose
D-Glucose is called a reducing sugar because it undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction at the anomeric carbon. One of the products of this reaction is:
A) D-galactose.
B) D-gluconate.
C) D-glucuronate.
D) D-ribose.
E) muramic acid.
B) D-gluconate
Hemoglobin glycation is a process where is attached to hemoglobin.
A) glycerol; covalently
B) glucose; enzymatically
C) glucose; non-enzymatically
D) N-acetyl-galactosamine; enzymatically
E) galactose; non-enzymatically
C) glucose; non-enzymatically
When forming the disaccharide maltose from two glucose monosaccharides:
A) water is eliminated.
B) a hemiacetal is converted to an acetal.
C) the resulting dissacharide is no longer a reducing sugar.
D) Both A and B
E) A, B, and C above
D) Both A and B
From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal(?1 ? 4)Glc, we know that:
A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond.
B) the compound is a D-enantiomer.
C) the galactose residue is at the reducing end.
D) the glucose is in its pyra
A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond.
Starch and glycogen are both polymers of:
A) fructose.
B) glucose1-phosphate.
C) sucrose.
D) ?-D-glucose.
E) ?-D-glucose.
D) ?-D-glucose.
Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false?
A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (?1 ? 6) branches.
B) Both are homopolymers of glucose.
C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls.
D)
C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls.
Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding in glycogen and cellulose is true?
A) Glycogen forms more internal H-bonds than cellulose.
B) Extensive internal hydrogen bonding makes cellulose more water soluble than glycogen.
C) Extensive hydro
D) Glycogen primarily forms hydrogen bonds within a single chain.
Following complete hydrolysis of a sample of glycogen and a sample of cellulose, which of the following must be true?
A) The glycogen sample is more soluble than the cellulose sample.
B) The cellulose sample is more soluble than the glycogen sample.
C) Bo
C) Both samples consist of a mixture of ?-D-glucose and ?-D-glucose
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Glycogen
D) Hyaluronate
E) Starch
D) Hyaluronate
The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a:
A) glycolipid.
B) glycosaminoglycan.
C) lectin.
D) lipopolysaccharide.
E) peptidoglycan.
B) glycosaminoglycan.
Which of the following statements about heparan sulfate is not true?
A) Sulfation of heparan sulfate to form NS domains is important for its role as an anti-coagulant.
B) Heparan sulfate can promote protein-protein interactions via the NS domains.
C) The
C) The secondary structure of heparan sulfate is completely random.
In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues:
A) asparagine, serine, or threonine.
B) aspartate or glutamate.
C) glutamine or arginine.
D) glycine, alanine, or aspartate.
E) tryptophan, aspartate, or cystein
A) asparagine, serine, or threonine.
Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria?
A) Amylose
B) Cellulose
C) Glycoproteins
D) Lipopolysaccharides
E) Lipoproteins
D) Lipopolysaccharides
The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to:
A) amphipathic molecules.
B) hydrophobic molecules.
C) specific lipids.
D) specific oligosaccharides.
E) specific peptides
D) specific oligosaccharides.
Which of the following statements concerning sialic acid residues on glycoproteins is true?
A) Sialic residues on erythrocytes are recognized by lectins, leading to removal of the erythrocytes.
B) Sialic residues on ceruloplasmin are recognized by lectins
C) Sialic residues are removed by neuraminidases.
Why is it surprising that the side chains of tryptophan residues in lectins can interact with sugars?
A) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophilic and sugars are hydrophobic
B) Because the side chain of tryptophan is (-) charged and sugars are g
D) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophobic and sugars are generally hydrophilic
Which of the following is not a reason that it is difficult to study oligosaccharide composition from biological systems?
A) Oligosaccharides are often branched.
B) Oligosaccharides often have a high negative charge density.
C) Oligosaccharides have a var
D) Oligosaccharides have too much conformational flexibility.
Which of the following techniques is not commonly used to study oligosaccharide structures?
A) X-ray crystallography
B) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS)
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
D) Complete chemical synth
A) X-ray crystallography