membrane is a fluid mosaic of: (highest - lowest)
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
cell recognition is based on
variability in carbohydrates on surface
found on the surface membrane of cells "fuzzy appearance
gycocalyx (glycolipids and glycoproteins)
patient suffering from intractable epilepsy is provided with
high saturated fatty acids diet
polar heads of phospholipids could be (5)
choline, serine, ethanolamine, inositol, glycerol
phosphatidic acid + choline =phophatidylcholine
The lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio is used in assessment of fetal lung maturity; optimum time for an elective termination of pregnancy (2.0-higher shows lung maturity)
phosphatidic acid + ethanolamine= phosphatidylethanolamine
is a major component of plasmalogens; inner leaflet membrane
rhisomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
type 1 most common; ; mutations in prevention of plasmalogens result in this diseases characterized by skeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, respiratory problems
phosphatidic acid + serine =phosphatidylserine
inner leaflet of the membrane, and plays a role in apoptosis signaling
phosphatidic acid + inositol = phosphatidylinositol
component of cell membrane essential for synthesis of: GPI anchors, and PIP2
phosphatidyl inositol glycans (GPI anchors) mutation in synthesis causes _________ and is called _________
abnormal release of proteins from the cell; Mabry syndrome & Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
phosphatidic acid + glycerol = phosphatidylglycerol
major component of pulmonary surfactant; assesses fetal lung development
fatty acids in the membrane
bound to C1 and C2 of glycerol in a phospholipid (by esterification reaction)
fatty acids in the cell; called
form of energy storage; triglycerides
rigid structure of membrane is tightly packed
Saturated Fatty Acids
saturated fatty acids rigid structures can: (3)
impede membrane protein movement
interfere with ion transport
decrease membrane fluidity
Unsaturated Fatty acids (50% of membrane) cis configuration results in (3)
increased fluidity
facilitation of transport
lowering the melting point
The longer the fatty acid chain and the higher the side-by-side association results in
higher melting point
sphingolipids serve in (3)
intercellular communication
antigenic determinant of ABO groups
can be receptors for ciruses and bacteria toxins
ceramide + phophatidyl choline --> sphingomyelin (function?)
important component of myelin sheath
deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes lead to
sphingolipidose ( lysosomal storage diseases due to sphingolipids not being broken down by lysosomal enzymes)
Transport proteins in the RBC attach to other proteins and allow cell flexibility:
mutations in RBC cell membrane proteins results in overly rigid misshapen cell (name?) (symptoms in?)
spherocytosis; hemolytic anemia (when RBC are destroyed and removed form the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over) and splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
glucose crosses membrane on transport protein (GLUT-1, GLUT-2 GLUT-3, GLUT-4)
deficiences of GLUT-1 leads to?
decreases of glucose in the CSF resulting in seizures and mental retardation, involuntary eye movement, and smaller head size in new borns
mutations in the channel protein CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) disrupt functions of?
chloride channel proteins preventing them from regulating the flow of chloride ions and water across cell membranes
peripheral proteins are
NONcovalently bonded with integral proteins or lipids, released by ionic solvents
lipid anchored proteins
bound to inner or outer surface; may be involved in hormonal regulation
prion is an example of
lipid anchored proteins
integral proteins
membrane spanning a helical domains, some have multiple membrane spanning domainss; have directly linked fatty acids or prenyl groups
ligand-binding receptor
example of integral pritein; ligan binding domain, 7 transmembrane segments, and the cytoplasmic domain interacts with the intracellular proteins
cell matrix adhesion molecule (integrin)
have a matrix binding domain to extracellular matrix
Choline
Serine
ethanolamine
inositol
glycerol
Phosphatidyl choline (type of lecithin)