Which of the following is considered as "ketone bodies"?
a) acetoacetate
b) acetyl CoA
c) Coenzyme A
d) Carnitine
a) acetoacetate
acetone and d-beta-hydroxybutyrate are also ketone bodies
Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported to the extrahepatic tissues mainly as:
a) Carnitine
b) ?-hydroxybutyric acid
c) Palmitic acid
b) ?-hydroxybutyric acid.
How many molecules of acetyl-CoA is formed when one molecule of palmitic acid (16 carbon) is oxidized via beta-oxidation pathway?
a) 4
b) 8
c) 10
d) 6
b) 8
Which enzyme is the major regulatory control point for ?-oxidation?
a) Carnitine
b) Malonyl CoA
c) Carnitine acyl transferase I
d) Acetyl CoA
c) Carnitine acyl transferase I
The final product of beta-oxidation of EVEN chain saturated fatty acids is:
a) NADH
b) Acetyl-CoA
c) Palmitic acid
d) NADPH
b) Acetyl-CoA
Which of the following is one of the final products of an ODD chain saturated fatty acid via beta-oxidation?
Selected Answer:
a) NADH
b) Propionyl-CoA
c) Palmitic acid
d) NADPH
b) Propionyl-CoA
The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is:
a) The reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA carboxylase
b) The reaction catalyzed by malonyl-CoA carboxylase
c) The reaction catalyzed by coenzyme A
d) The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase
d) The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Which of the following is NOT required in the synthesis of fatty acids?
a) Biotin
b) NADH
c) CO2
b) NADH
The major site of formation of acetoacetate from fatty acids is the:
a) gall bladder
b) liver
c) brain
d) kidneys
b) liver
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids is a/an:
a) reductive process
b) endergonic process
c) carnitine process
d) exergonic process
d) exergonic process
Fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway can use:
a) NAD+ as the oxidizing agent
b) Carnitine as the oxidizing agent
c) NADH as the oxidizing agent
d) FAD+ as the oxidizing agent
a) NAD+ as the oxidizing agent
Complete oxidation of 1 mole of which fatty acid would yield the most ATP?
a) 14-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid
b) 16-carbon saturated fatty acid
c) 16-carbon poly-unsaturated fatty acid
d) 16-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid
e) 18-carbon mono-unsat
e) 18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid
Carnitine acyltransferase I is localized in:
a) cytosol
b) inner mitochondrial membrane
c) outer mitochondrial membrane
c) outer mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following could be a source of free fatty acids?
a) ketone bodies
b) blebs
c) acetyl CoA
d) triacylglycerols
d) triacylglycerols
How many isoprene units are used to synthesize one molecule of cholesterol?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 8
c) 6
A 30-carbon precursor of the steroid nucleus is:
a) Acetyl CoA
b) Squalene
c) Lithocholesterol
b) squalene
What is an example of conjugated bile salts?
a) taurocholate
b) chenocholate
c) Squalene
d) chocolate
a) taurocholate
Identify the rate limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis?
a) HMG-CoA Reductase
b) Carnitine acyl transferase I
c) 7-alpha-hydroxylase
d) HMG-CoA Synthase
c) 7-alpha-hydroxylase
What is the major function of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase?
a) to form cholesteryl ester
b) to form squalene
c) to form blebs
a) to form cholesteryl ester
Cholesterol is synthesized from:
a) Acetyl CoA
b) Malonyl CoA
c) Citrate
d) Glycerol
a) Cholesterol is synthesized from Acetyl CoA
Which of the following molecules can deactivate cholesterol biosynthesis?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Protein kinase A
b) Glucagon deactivates cholesterol biosynthesis
What is the effect of insulin on cholesterol biosynthesis?
a) Insulin contains cholesterol
b) Insulin has no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis
c) Insulin decreases cholesterol biosynthesis
d) Insulin increases cholesterol biosynthesis
d) Insulin increases cholesterol biosynthesis
Which of the following is the storage form of cholesterol?
a) Cholestrylester
b) Oxyacetylene
c) Steroids
a) Cholestrylester
Which of the following is NOT true of the reaction producing malonyl-CoA during fatty acid synthesis?
a) ACP is not required
b) ACP is required
a) ACP is not required
Which functional group of cholesterol molecule is esterified with fatty acid?
a) CO
b) CO2
c) OH
d) H2O
c) OH
Which of the following is derived from a sterol?
a) Bile salts
b) Gall stones
c) Adipose tissue
a) Bile salts