Biochem Quizzes 10 & 11

Action of adenylyl cyclase

cAMP synthesis

Action of phosphorylase

glycogenolysis

Action of glycogen synthase

glycogenesis

Fatty acids undergo metabolism using what process?

beta oxidation

PPP is activated under what condition?

NADP+/NADPH is high

Decarboxylation of acetoacetate forms ________

acetone

Reduction of pyruvate makes ________

lactate

Decarboxylation of pyruvate makes _______

AcetylCoA

Carboxylation of pyruvate makes ________

oxaloacetate

Reduction of oxaloacetate makes ________

malate

Condensation of two acetyl groups makes _______

acetoacetate

Reduction of acetoacetate makes ________

beta hydroxybutyrate

PFK2 or PFK1....which enzyme is bifunctional?

PFK2

Insulin increases which processes?

glycogenesis
glycolysis
lipogenesis
protein synthesis
transport of glucose in muscle & adipose tissue

Insulin decreases which processes?

lipolysis
gluconeogenesis
protein catabolism
glycogenolysis

Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane as which derivative?

AcylCarnitine

Glucagon stimulates which processes?

glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
fatty acid oxidation

Glucagon decreases which processes?

glycolysis
glycogen synthesis
fatty acid synthesis

Which of the following is not used by the brain as an energy source (or not metabolized in the brain)?
a. glucose
b. ketone bodies
c. fatty acids

c. fatty acids

Glycogenin primer is formed by the condensation of glycogenin and which molecule?

UDP-Glc (Glc-1-P)

Amino acid which does NOT participate in transamination

proline

In what organ are ketone bodies produced?

liver

Norepinephrine to epinephrine conversion can be carried out by phenylethanolamine N-methyltansferase and what other molecule?

S-Adenosylmethionine

Creatine phosphate can be formed from Arginine and which other amino acid?

glycine

Which base contains a primary amine at the 4th position on the heterocyclic ring?

cytosine

Decrease in what process can reduce the production of ketone bodies?

decrease in lipolysis

Catabolism of which amino acid can be increased to supplement the concentration of alpha ketoglutarate?

His

In fatty acid oxidation, what is the action of thiolase?

cleavage between alpha and beta carbons

Which amino acid can be catabolized to provide more pyruvate?

Cys

AcetylCoA concentration can be increased by catabolism of which amino acid?

Thr

Inhibition of which enzyme would cause a drop in the level of creatine phosphate?

arginosuccinase

Which amino acid is used by the brain?

valine

GABA is formed by the decarboxylation of which amino acid?

Glu

Which heterocyclic base does not contian an oxo group anywhere on the ring?

adenine

Hydrolysis of which amino acid can be used to make more Glu?

hydrolyze Gln

Oxidation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbon atoms will eventually produce which molecule?

SuccinylCoA

In the beta oxidation process, which molecules are generated?

FADH2

Action of phospholipase A2 on phosphatidylcholine will produce a FFA and which molecule?

lysophosphatidylcholine

Which molecule acts as an inhibitor of carnitine palmatoyl transferase 1?

malonylCoA (or malonate)

AcetylCoA carboxylase is inhibited by which hormone?

glucagon

If you oxidized the CH2-SH group in homocysteine to COO-, which amino acid would you get?

Asp

Taurine can be obtained from which amino acid?

Cys

AcetylCoA cannot be obtained from which of the following processes?
a. Action of HMGLyase on HMGCoA
b. Action of HMGCoA lyase on Acetoacetyl CoA
c. Action of acetate thickinase on acetate
d. Action of thiolase on AcetoacetylCoA

b. Action of HMGCoA lyase on Acetoacetyl CoA

Tyrosine can be catabolized to which of the carbon fragments of the citric acid cycle?

fumarate

Benzoate + Glycine = ___________

Hippurate

Uracil can be converted to Thymine by methylation at which position?

5

Cutting out all carbs from your diet is a bad idea because....

they are yummy and
it will lead to increased acidity in the blood because of increased ketosis resulting in Type II diabetes

Which amino acid undergoes deamination very rapidly in mammalian tissues?

Glu

Muscles cannot use acetoacetate as a fuel in the absence of which enzyme?

Thiolase

Guanine has an oxo group at what position of the heterocyclic ring?

6

The body needs to synthesize prostaglandins in response to an injury. Which Phospholipase will it use on a TAG (triacylglycerol) or on a Phosphoglycerolipid?

Phospholipase A2