ATP made in glycolysis and the TCA cycle is the result of ____ phosphorylation, and NADH-dependent ATP synthesis is the result of ____ phosphorylation.
substrate-level; oxidative
Reduction involves the ____ of electron(s), and reactions for which the standard cell potential is ____ are spontaneous under standard conditions.
gain; positive
Spontaneity of a redox reaction depends upon each of the following EXCEPT:
a b and c
Where does the energy that drives ATP synthesis come from?
The proton gradient.
All of the following are in the mitochondria EXCEPT:
pentose phosphate pathway.
All are characteristics of inner mitochondrial membranes EXCEPT:
contains porin in high concentration.
Each of the following is a true statement EXCEPT:
for redox reactions with negative standard cell potentials, standard free energy change is negative
Each of the following regarding redox couples is true EXCEPT:
a redox couple consists of a substance being oxidized, and the substance oxidizing it
Compounds with a large ____ reduction potential have a strong tendency to undergo oxidation, and as such, NADH is a strong ____ agent.
negative; reducing
All of the following are membrane bound EXCEPT:
cytochrome c.
All are linked to the electron-transport chain through Complex I accepting electrons from NADH EXCEPT:
gluconeogenesis.
Complex I and Complex II produce a common product which is:
reduced coenzyme Q
All are flavoproteins EXCEPT:
coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III).
Which complex reduces molecular oxygen?
complex IV
Complex I contains all of these components EXCEPT:
cytochrome c.
Which of the following is a two-electron donor?
NADH
All of the following are properties of coenzyme Q EXCEPT:
shuttle from complex I and complex II to complex IV.
In the first phase of the Q cycle, UQH2 transfers one electron to ____ and then to ____, releasing ____ H+ to the intermembrane space leaving ____ that transfers a second electron to ____.
Rieske protein; cyt c1; two; UQ.-; cyt bL
All of the following take place in the Q cycle EXCEPT:
two protons are pumped into the matrix.
Which of the following is/are mobile electron carrier(s)?
A. UQ
B. Cyt c
C. Complex III
A & B
Complex III takes up ____ proton(s) on the matrix side of the ____ membrane and releases ____ protons on the intermembrane side for each pair of ____ passed through the Q cycle.
two; inner; four; electrons
All are single-electron carriers EXCEPT:
UQH2.
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is:
molecular oxygen.
All are characteristics of cyt c EXCEPT:
all are true.
All are components of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) EXCEPT:
Cyt c1.
The complete reduction of one molecule of oxygen gas requires how many electrons?
four
Another name for complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in the electron transport chain is:
succinate-CoQ reductase.
What molecule is the electron donor to complex III?
UQH2
All of the following transfer electrons to the UQ/UQH2 pool EXCEPT:
Complex IV.
Which of the following complex(es) translocate protons in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
1. Complex I
2. Complex II
3. Complex III
4. Complex IV
1,3 and 4
All are characteristics of the binuclear center of complex IV EXCEPT:
Fe-S is a component.
The model of electron transport includes all EXCEPT:
protons driven into the matrix.
All of the following are properties of ATP synthase EXCEPT:
the F0 subunit is hydrophilic.
All are true for F1 unit of ATP synthase EXCEPT:
all are true.
In ATP synthase, it is proposed that ____-subunits form a rotor that turns with respect to ____-subunits and the ____-subunit is anchored to the rotor.
c,a,g
All are characteristics of the binding charge mechanism EXCEPT:
energy-driven conformational changes convert O-sites to L-sites.
Characteristics of proton gradient driven enzyme conformational change in ATP synthase include all EXCEPT:
(ab)3 complex rotates relative to a fixed b-subunit.
The hypothesis for proton driven ATP synthesis depends on ____ neutralization of the negative charge on c-subunit ____ residues as the rotor turns causing the ____-subunit to turn relative to the three ____-subunit ____ binding sites of F1, changing the c
proton; Asp; g; b; nucleotide
Which complex will be affected if rotenone is added?
complex I
Does electron transport stop if rotenone is added? Why?
No, there is still a source of electrons from Complex II.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of Complex IV?
cyanide
Cyanide and azide bind tightly to the ferric form of ____, and carbon monoxide toxicity arises from its affinity for the iron of ____.
cyt a3; hemoglobin
What is the effect of adding oligomycin and then 2,4-dinitrophenol to respiring mitochondria?
Electron transport speeds up and ATP synthesis stops.
All are properties of uncouplers EXCEPT:
ATP/ADP ratio increases.
___ creates a passive proton channel through which protons flow from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix in ____.
Oligomycin; microorganisms
P/O ratio is defined as:
molecules of ATP formed per two electrons flowing through electron transport chain.
What percentage of the proton gradient energy to synthesize and transport ATP to the cytosol is involved in the ATP-ADP transport?
25%
All of the following are part of apoptosis EXCEPT:
the mitochondrial outer membrane protein-permeable pores close.
Which of the following molecules is LEAST LIKELY to be transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
NADH
A characteristic of the glycerophosphate shuttle is:
It shuttles "NADH electron equivalents" across the mitochondrial membrane to yield 1.5 ATP/NADH.
The reaction, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) + NADH � NAD+ + glycerol-3-phosphate, is catalyzed by:
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
All are properties of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases EXCEPT:
mitochondrial enzyme has bound coenzyme Q.
All are correct about the glycerophosphate shuttle EXCEPT:
glycerol-3-phosphate is translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix
The appropriate sequence for the malate-aspartate shuttle is:
A. OAA transaminated to aspartate
B. OAA reduced to malate
C. Malate oxidized to OAA
D. Malate translocated to matrix
E. Aspartate translocated to cytosol
F. Aspartate transaminated to QAA
B, D, C, A, E, F
All are characteristics of the malate-aspartate shuttle EXCEPT:
OAA translocates inner mitochondrial membrane.
Bacteria and other prokaryotic cells have the capacity to get more ATP/glucose oxidized than eukaryotic cells because ____, so they are more efficient.
they do not have to translocate ATP-ADP across the mitochondrial membranes