Tranverse
divides the body into upper and lower halves
Lateral
away from the midline
Saggital
divides body into left and right
interstatial fluid
of a multicelled organism, body fluid in spaces between cells
anatomical position
facing forward with palms of the hands and feet also facing forward
Superficial
(adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
The most abundant element in the human body is
Oxygen
Covalent bonds
Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
Ionic bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body
Skeletal muscle
A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
positive feedback
A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will amplify the change. Takes organism away from a steady state.
negative feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flattened cells
stratified squamous epithelium
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.
epithelium layer
layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body
Connective tissue
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts (i.e bones, blood, cartilage)
Collagen
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.
Tissue repair
regeneration and fibrosis
Cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to body cels
Urinary system
the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance
Muscular system
Allows movement, facial expression and supports the bones
Skeletal system
forms blood cells
lymphatic system
Cleans body fluids of bacteria and foreign matter
digestive system
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. (hormones)
Regeneration
replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
fibrosis
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.
proteins
amino acids (i.e. keratin, collagen)
lipids
fats and oils
unsaturated fat
A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. (liquid at room temp)
saturated fat
A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms (solid at room temp)
buccal
cheek
antebrachial
forearm
mammory
breast
manual
hand
femoral
thigh
cephallic
head
gluteal
buttock
popliteal
back of knee
shin
Crural
wrist
carpal
toes/fingers
digital/phalangeal
axial
head, neck, trunk
atlas
C1
upper body
trunk
anterior
anatomical term for front
Posterior
back
Examples of positive feedback
enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin, platelet plug formation and blood clotting
Examples of negative feedback
body temperature, blood pressure, sweating, glucose regulation