3 functions of lymphatic system
immunity, fluid recovery, liquid absorption
clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma but much less protein
lymph
2 types of collecting ducts
right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
lymphatic cell responsible for immune surveillance
NK cell
cell that matures in thymus
T cell
cell that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies
B cell
primary lymphatic organs
red bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphatic organs
lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen
3 types of tonsils
palatine, lingual, pharyngeal (adenoid)
the type of immune response that is broadly effect and has no prior exposure- no memory
nonspecific
the type of immune response that results from prior exposure and protects against only a particular pathogen
specific
what are the orders of defense?
external barriers, phagocytic cells/antimicrobial proteins/inflammation/fever, immune system
leukocyte which phagocytizes bacteria- nonspecific- and creates a killing zone with degranulation and respiratory burst
neutrophil
leukocyte which phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and has antiparasitic effects; blocks excess inflammation
eosinophil
leukocyte which aid mobility and action of WBCs by release of histamine and heparin which increase blood flow to tissue and prevents immobilization of phagocytes. helps in inflammation
basophil
leukocyte which is the circulating precursor to macrophages
monocyte
leukocyte which include b and t cells
lymphocytes
complement system is _________
nonspecific
chemicals released thru inflammation
cytokines
4 cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain
inflammations 3 major processes
mobilization of body defenses, destruction, tissue repair
stages of fever
onset, stadium, defervescence
cell-mediated immunity
cellular
antibody mediated immunity
humoral
production of one's own antibodies or T cells as result of infection
natural active immunity
production of one's own antibodies or T cells as result of vaccination
artificial active immunity
temporary, fetus acquires antibodies from mother
natural passive immunity
temporary, injection of immune serum (antibodies)
artificial passive immunity
chemicals which are foreign to the body and trigger an immune response
antigens
______ and ______ display antigens to T cells
b cells and macrophages
chemical messengers that communicate between leukocytes
interleukins
which type of cell have memory have past infections?
t cells
3 classes of t cells
cytotoxic, helper, memory
the t cells which carry out the attack
cytotoxic
the t cells which promote tc cell and b cell action and nonspecific defense
helper
the t cells which provide immunity from future exposure to antigen
memory
3 components of immunity
recognition, attack, memory
antibody in mucus, saliva, tears, milk
IgA
antibody in antigen receptor
IgD
antibody which stimulates release of histamines
IgE
antibody which crosses placenta to fetus
IgG
antibody which is responsible for immune response, agglutination (transfusion reactions) complement fixation
IgM
4 methods of attack in humoral immunity
neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination, precipitation
humoral attack where antibodies mask the active pathogenic region of antigen
neutralization
humoral attack where the antigen binds to IgM or IgG and changes shape
complement fixation
humoral attack where antibody binds to multiple enemy cells to immobilize them
agglutination
humoral attack where antibody binds to antigen molecules and creates antigen-antibody complex which is phagocytized by eosinophil
precipitation