Neuron Anatomy

Efferent

From the brain and goes out

Efferent

Motor Neuron

Afferent

Brings information to the cell

Afferent

Sensory Neuron

Interneuron

Communicates between motor and sensory neurons. Relay between motor and sensory.

Astrocytes

Blood brain barrier, those are the supporters.

Microglial

Phagocytosis

Neuroglial of PNS

Schwann Cells (Myelin sheath) and Satellite Cells (supports Ganglia)

PNS

will regenerate if soma is not destroyed.

CNS

Damage to axon or soma usually results in death of the neuron.

Regeneration is faster

in NON-myelinated processes.

Channels contain gates that open or close because of

Chemical and electrical changes.

Action Potential

Messages or signals to control body functions

Action Potential

Travels down an axon to the terminal end.

Action Potential

Can be carried along a dendrite to the cell body

Action Potential

Electrical changes along the surface of the membrane.

Depolarization

Sodium Influx

Dendrites

Afferent

Axon

Efferent

Myelin sheath

increase coordination of impulse or increase rate of transmission

Neurilemma

membrane surrounding the Schwann cell and myelin sheath enclosing the whole axon and its exterior parts.

Node of Ranvier

gaps in the axonal covering, points of exchange of ions.

Axon Terminals

Swollen ends of the axon.

Axon Hillock

structural point the initial segment is located, point from which neurofilaments and neurotubules of the axon develop.

Initial segment

site of initiation of a new impulse, where the impulse arises or begins

Unipolar

Eyes, Spinal cord and Ganglia

Bipolar

Eyes

Astrocytes

Structure of CNS

Astrocytes

Repair of CNS

Astrocytes

Neural Cell development

Astrocytes

Regulate ionic balance of interstitial fluid

Oligondendrocytes

Produce myelin sheath of axons in brain.

Active Transport

Maintains sufficient charge difference across the membrane

Extracellular Ions

Outside - Positive- Sodium

Intracellular Ions

Inside- Negative- Potasium and PROTEINS 70-75mv

No Sodium, Gates are closed

+30mV

Axonal Conduction

will depend on the Axon diameter, increased myelin concentration increases the rate

Factors Affecting Membrane Permeability

Electricity, Chemicals, Mechanical and Temperature.

Repolarization

Reestablish of negative charge inside the cell. Active Transport. NA out K in. Down the curve.

Hyperpolarization

Temporary state of increased negativity. Below -70mv. Final closure of K channels, membrane returns to -70mv.