endocrine glands
glands that secrete their products into tissue fluids or blood
stratified squamous
forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the throat, esophagus, vagina, and anus
intercalated disc
where each cell touches another cell is a specialized intercellular junction called a _____
keratinization
the accumulation of the protein keratin in which cells harden and die
statified
term meaning composed of two or more layer
blood vessels
epithelial tissue lack____
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cube shaped cells with centrally located nuclei
epithelial membranes
thin, sheetlike structures composed of epithelium and underlying connective tissue covering body surfaces and lining body cavities
tissues
cells are arranged into groups and layers called____
extracellular matrix
Connective tissue has an abundance of ____
transitional epithelium
is designed to distend and return to its normal size
areolar tissue
binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles
collagenous fibers
important components of body parts that hold structures together
tendons
connect muscle to bone
blood
composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix
apocrine glands
lose portions of their cell bodies during secretion
neuroglial cells
nervous tissue includes _____ that are critical to the functions of neurons
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
hardness of bone is largely due to miner salts _______ and ______
fixed cells
cells that reside in the tissue for an extended period of time
simple cuboidal epithelium
functions in secretion and absorption in the kidneys and in secretion in certain glands
smooth muscle cells
spindle shaped and contain a single nuclei
free surface
epithelial tissue always has a ____ that is exposed to the outside or to an open surface
cutaneous membranes
are most commonly called skin
neuroglia cells
support and bind the components of nervous tissue
specialized connective tissue
includes carriage, bone, and blood
serous glands
merocrine glands, called______, produce a watery fluid that has a high concentration of enzymes
collagenous fibers
thick threads of the protein collagen
mucus glands
are merocrine glands which produce a thick, protective substance
simple
means composed of a single layer of cells
glandular epithelium
composed of cells designed to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
simple columnar
binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles
dense connective
______tissue, as tendons and ligaments, bind muscle to bone and bone to bone
neurons
the basic cells of nervous tissue
intervertebral disks
fibrocartilage forms pads, called ______, between individual vertebrae
osteon
The osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix, which are concentrically clustered around a central canal, form cylinder shaped units called
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
appears layered due to the varying position of the nuclei within the cells
fibroblasts
large, star shaped cells that produce fibers by secreting protein into the matrix
transitional epithelium
lines the urinary bladder, uterus and parts of the urethra
epithelial tissue
covers organs, forms linings of body cavities and lines hollow organs
microvilli
cylindrical processes that increase the surface area of the cell membrane
dense connective tissue
tissue containing abundant collagenous fibers
fibrocartilage
a shock absorber for structures that are subject to pressure
exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts that open onto some internal or external surfaces
elastic fibers
composed of the protein elastin
adipose tissue
develops when cells store fat as droplets in their cytoplasm enlarge
osteocytes and chondrocytes
bone cells are called______ and carriage cells are called_____
fibroblasts
most common type of fixed cell in connective tissue
squamous
means composed of thin, flattened cells
serous membranes
lines body cavities that lack openings to the outside and cover viscera
basement membrane
the underside of epithelial tissue is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer called the ____
canaliculi
bone cells have cytoplasmic processes that extend outward and pass through small tubes in the extracellular matrix
skeletal muscle tissue
found in muscles that attaches to bone and is under conscious control
mast cells
release heparin and histamines
simple columnar
protects underlying tissue, secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients
simple squamous epithelium
lines the air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
holocrine glands
release entire cells during secretions
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage
cartilage
____ provides support, frameworks and attachments, protects underlying tissue and forms structural models for many developing bones
nervous tissue
found in the brain, spill cord, and peripheral nerves
simple squamous epithelium
made of a single layer of thin, flattened cells
elastic cartilage
provides the framework for the external ear and parts of the larynx