Anatomy
Studies the structure of body
Physiology
Describes how the body functions
Pathophysiology
Describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body, how a body part functions when a person has a disease.
What are the twelve major organ systems that make up the human body?
Integumentary System (in-teg-yoo-MEN-tar-ee)
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Circulatory System
Lymphatic System
Immune System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Integumentary System
Skin, hair & nails
Provides covering for body, regulates body temp, contains some of the structures necessary for sensation.
Skeletal System
Bones, joints & cartilage
Protects and supports body organs and enables us to move around.
Muscular System
Skeletal - muscle attach to bones and are responsible for movement of the skeleton and the maintenance of body posture.
Smooth & Cardiac - found in various organs and tubes, contraction and relaxation help organ systems carry out their functions
Nervous System
Made up of the Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs.
Sensory nerves receive information from environment and it brings it to the spinal cord and brain, where it is interpreted.
Endocrine System
Contains glands that secrete hormones and chemical substances.
Regulate body activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance.
Circulatory System
Consists of blood, heart and blood vessels
This system pumps and transports blood throughout the body.
Lymphatic System
Made up of Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and other lymphoid organs.
Play important role in fluid balance and in the defense of the body against pathogens and other foreign material.
Immune System
Elaborate defense system that protects the body not only from pathogens but from allergens, and of our own cells, like cancer cells.
Respiratory System
Contains the lungs and other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs.
Oxygen-rich air moves into the lungs; the oxygen is picked up by the blood and distributed throughout the body. Carbon dioxide-rich air moves out of the lungs, thereby ridding
Digestive System
Comprised of organs designed to ingest food and break it down into substances that can be absorbed by the body.
Urinary System
Contains Kidneys and other structures that help excrete waste products from the body through urine.
More importantly it helps control water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance in the body.
Reproductive System
Made up of the organs and structure that enable humans to reproduce.
Homeostasis
Staying the same; ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing environment.
Anatomical Position
Body standing erect, with face forward, arms at sides and toes and palms of the hands directed forward.
Superior
Part ABOVE another part
ex. Rib cage is superior to my pelvis
Inferior
Part BELOW another part
ex. pelvis is inferior to my rib cage
Anterior or Ventral
Towards the FRONT (belly) surface
Posterior or Dorsal
Towards the BACK surface
Medial
TOWARDS the MIDLINE of the body
ex. my heart is medial to my fingers
Lateral
AWAY from the midline of the body
ex. my fingers are lateral from my heart because they are further away from the middle
Proximal
Structure is nearer the point of attachment, trunk of body
Distal
Structure is furthest away from the trunk.
Superficial
That a part is located on or near the surface of the body.
ex. the skin is superficial to the muscles.
Deep
That the body part is away from the surface of the body.
ex. the bones are deep to the skin.
Central
The part is located in the center
Peripheral
The part is located away from the center and extending towards the limbs.
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body lengthwise from right to left
Frontal Plane
Divides the body from front to back
Transverse Plane
Divides the body horizontally creating a superior and inferior section of the body.
What are the two major cavities in the body?
Dorsal &
Ventral
Where is the dorsal cavity located?
Towards the back of the body and has two divisions
Where is the ventral cavity located?
Towards the front of the body and has two divisions
What are the two divisions in the dorsal cavity?
Cranial & Spinal (vertebral) Cavity
What are the two divisions in the ventral cavity?
Thoracic & abdominopelvic Cavity
What are the two cavities in the Thoracic cavity?
Mediastinum; midportion of thoracic cavity; where HEART & TRACHEA are located.
Pleural Cavity; Right lung located in Right Pleural cavity, left lung located in left pleural cavity.
Define RUQ?
Right Upper Quadrant
Define LUQ?
Left Upper Quadrant
Define LLQ?
Left Lower Quadrant
Define RLQ?
Right Lower Quadrant
- Appendix
What does epi mean?
Upon
What does hypo mean?
Below
What are the three central regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region
What are the three right regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Right Hypochondriac region
Right Lumbar region
Right Iliac region
What are the three left regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Left Hypochondriac region
Left Lumbar region
Left iliac region
What is located in the RUQ?
Right lobe of Liver
Gallbladder
Parts of Pancreas
Parts Small/Large Intestine
What is located LUQ?
Lobes Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Parts of Pancreas
Parts Small/Large Intestine
What is located in the RLQ?
Lobes Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Parts of Pancreas
Parts Small/Large Intestine
Appendix
Right Ovary
Right Fallopian tube
Right Ureter
What is located in LLQ?
Parts Small/Large Intestine
Left Ovary
Left Fallopian tube
Left Ureter
Abdominal (a)
anterior trunk just below the ribs
Antecubital (a)
area in the front of the elbow (brachial artery is at)
Axillary (a)
Armpit
Brachial (a)
arm
Buccal (a)
Cheek area
Cephalic (a)
Head
Cerivical (a)
Neck Region
Cranial (a)
Nearer to the head
Digital (a)
Fingers, toes
Femoral (a)
Thigh Area
Flank (a)
Fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones (Love handles)
Inguinal (a)
Area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body; groin
Oral (a)
Mouth
Orbital (a)
Area around the eye
Patellar (a)
Front of the knee over the kneecap
Pedal (a)
Foot
Plantar (a)
Sole of the foot
Pubic (a)
genital area
Sternal (a)
middle of the chest (over the breastbone area)
Umbilical (a)
Naval
Caudal (p)
Near the lower region of the spinal column; near the tailbone
Deltoid (p)
rounded area of the shoulder closest to the upper arm
Gluteal (p)
butt
Lumbar (p)
area of the back between he ribs and hips
Occipital (p)
back of the head
Popliteal (p)
behind, or back of, the knee area
Scapular
shoulder blade area
Viscera
Organs
Mediastinum
Space in the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels attached to the heart.
Pericardial Cavity
is located within the mediastinum and contains the heart
Pleural Cavity
Where the lungs occupy most of the space within the thoracic cavity
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
vertical plane