Blood is considered a type of _____________ tissue.
connective
Plasma represents _________ percent of a normal blood sample.
55
Which of the following formal elements of blood are essential to gas exchange?
red blood cells
Which of the following statements is/are true?
A) Red blood cells have no nucleus
B) Red blood cells lose their nuclei to make more room for hemoglobin
D) Red blood cells have a limited life span because they cannot synthesize protein
Red blood cell production is stimulated by the hormone _______________, which is released from the kidney in response to low oxygen concentration
erythropoietin
The average life span of a red blood cell is
120 days
After birth, red blood cells are produced in
red marrow
Hotty
Toddy
The heme portion of damaged red blood cells is decomposed into iron and
biliverdin
Damaged red blood cells are destroyed by reticuloendothelial cells called
macrophages
The cytokines that stimulate white blood cell production are ________________ and _________ - ____________ _____________
interleukins; colony-stimulating factors
The most numerous type of white blood cell is the
neutrophil
The white blood cell that forms antibodies necessary for immunity to specific diseases is the
lymphocyte
The normal white blood cell count is __________ to _________ per cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood
5,000 10,000
White blood cells combat infection by
phagocytosis
The substances found in the cytoplasmic granules of basophils include __________ and __________
histamine, heparin
The blood element responsible for formation of clots and control of bleeding is the _____________________
platelet or thrombocyte
largest molecular size
fibrinogen
significant in maintaining osmotic pressure
albumins
transport(s) lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
globulins
antibody(ies) of immunity
globulins
play(s) a part in blood clotting
fibrinogen
The lipoproteins have a relatively high concentration of cholesterol are
low density lipoproteins
The most abundant plasma electrolytes are
sodium, chlorides
A platelet plug begins to form when platelets are
exposed to a rough surface
The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the transformation of a soluble plasma protein, ___________, to a relatively insoluble protein, ____________
fibrinogen, fibrin
Substances believed necessary to activate prothrombin are thought to include
calcium ions, phospholipids
Prothrombin is a plasma protein that is produced by the
liver
Once a blood clot begins to form, it promotes still more clotting. This is an example of a(n) ___________ ___________ system
positive feedback
A fragment of a blood clot that is traveling in the bloodstream is called a(n) __________
embolus
The clumping together of red blood cells when unlike types of blood are mixed is due to antibodies in the plasma and antigens in the
erythrocytes
A person with type A blood has
agglutinogen A and agglutinin B
Agglutinins for Rh appear
only in response to stimulation by Rh agglutinogens
agglutin
to glue together
bil
bile
embol
stopper
erythr
red
hem
blood
leuko
white
osis
abnormal condition
poie
make, produce
sta
halt
thromb
clot