Chain reaction
a series of reactions in which each reaction is initiated by the energy produced in the preceding reaction
Combustion
the process by which substances (fuel) combine with oxygen to release heat energy, through the act of burning (oxidation).
Combustion point
the ignition temperature at which a fuel can catch on fire
Conduction
the transfer of heat through matter via vibrational motion
Convection
the transfer of heat through the circulation or movement of a liquid or a gas
Deflagration
a process of subsonic combustion that usually propagates through thermal conductivity (i.e., hot burning material heats the next layer of colder material and ignites it).
Detonation
a violent explosion that generates a supersonic shock wave and propagates through shock compression
Explosion
a sudden increase in heat energy, released in a violent burst
Fire
a type of combustion, resulting from a self-sustaining chemical reaction
Fire point
the temperature at which burning is self-sustaining after removal of an ignition source.
Fire tetrahedron
the elements of a fire triangle (fuel, oxygen, and heat) combined with a fourth element, a chain reaction that keeps the fire burning.
Fire triangle
the three elements (fuel, oxygen, and heat) that must be present for a fire to start
Flammable inflammable)
the ability (inability) of a material to ignite and burn readily.
Fuel
any material that burns; can be a solid, liquid, or gas
Volatility
the ability of a material to evaporate
2. What is the primary killer during fires?
Carbon Monoxide
3. How much oxygen does a fire need to ignite?
Fire can ignite with as little as 16% oxygen in the air.
4. List and describe the four components of the fire tetrahedron.
1. Heat is the energy required by a fuel to produce ignition.
2. Fuel is any material that burns. It can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
3. Oxygen - fire needs only 16% to ignite.
4. Chain reactions are a series of reactions in which each reaction is initiate
5. (True or False) Liquid burns during a fire
False
6. ________ is the temperature at which a fire on the liquid's surface is sustained.
The Fire Point
7. What is the term for the temperature at which vapors are produced in sufficient concentrations for flammable or combustible liquids to flash?
The Flash point
8. What does Section 704 of the National Fire Code specify?
Hazards of Materials
9. The three different methods of heat transfer are:
Radiation, Convection, and Conduction
10. What type of fuel is involved in a Class B fire?
Grease and Flammable Liquids or Gases
16. (True or False) Water can be used to put out a flammable liquid fire, if he liquid is lighter than water
False
11. Combustion explosion
Created by dust, gas, mist, or back draft
12. Thermal explosion
Generated when two or more chemical compounds, rapidly react together and explode.
13. BLEVE
Produced when boiling liquid creates vapor which then explodes.
14. Nuclear explosion
Occurs due to uncontrolled fusion or fission reaction.
15. Condensed phase explosion
Occurs when rapid chemical reactions occur between solids or liquids.