Effective Practices in Early Childhood Education Chapter 4

Which learning theory assumes that children actively build their own knowledge from first hand experiences in stimulating environments?

Constructivism
(Piaget)

What is the name of the theory that emphasizes that a person's behavior needs to be directly reinforced in order to change?

Behaviorism

In which phase of observational learning does the teacher model the behavior and gives children a chance to practice it?

Retention

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development develops at approximately 7-11 years of age and is characterized by the ability to think, and solve problems more logically, through concrete experiences although with the limited ability to think abstract

concrete operational

The principles and values of the Reggio Emilia Approach

Teachers use documentation to help children revisit their experiences, remember and analyze their thinking, and deepen their understanding.

Which conclusion was made on child outcomes based on the brain research conducted?

Toxic stress during the earliest years of life can have significant negative effects on brain development

Symbolic play

when a child uses on thing to represent something else such as a block becomes a car or a hairbrush becomes a baby bottle for a doll

What kind of play do children move into when they are in the primary grades

games with rules

What did Vygotsky believe to be an important tool for children's learning

Speech

In Maslow's self-actualization theory what was at the base or bottom of the pyramid and considered one of the basic needs

Physical needs

Development

Age-related change that results from an interaction between biological maturation and physical and/or social experience

How are learning theories different than development theories?

Learning theories apply in the same way regardless of the age of the learner, and developmental theories are linked to age-related changes in children

The ability to adapt or control behavior, emotions, and thinking

self-regulation

What is the most important principle in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?

Behaviors change as a result of its immediate consequence

Accommodation

when new information or experience doesn't fit within an existing concept (scheme, the child must modify it or construct a new scheme)

Plasticity

The brain's ability to develop and change in response to experiences.

Assimilation

When new information or experience is understood in connection with existing knowledge (schemes)

Hypothesis

An assumption about or tentative explanation of a phenomenon

Social cognitive theory

Bandura's theory that people can learn efficiently from observing the consequences of another person's behavior

Co-construction

Children learning by solving problems collaboratively with the teacher's support or by working with peers; also called social construction of knowledge

Maturationist

Theory of development that assumes that the sequence of changes in abilities and behavior is largely predetermined by children's biological growth processes rather than by their experiences or learning

Toxic stress

children's experience of intense, frequent and/or prolonged anxiety such as abuse, neglect, violence, or economic deprivation without adult support to help them cope

Scaffolding

The assistance, guidance, and direction teachers provide children to help them accomplish a task or learn a skill (within their ZPF) that they could not achieve on their own