Which learning theory assumes that children actively build their own knowledge from first hand experiences in stimulating environments?
Constructivism
(Piaget)
What is the name of the theory that emphasizes that a person's behavior needs to be directly reinforced in order to change?
Behaviorism
In which phase of observational learning does the teacher model the behavior and gives children a chance to practice it?
Retention
Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development develops at approximately 7-11 years of age and is characterized by the ability to think, and solve problems more logically, through concrete experiences although with the limited ability to think abstract
concrete operational
The principles and values of the Reggio Emilia Approach
Teachers use documentation to help children revisit their experiences, remember and analyze their thinking, and deepen their understanding.
Which conclusion was made on child outcomes based on the brain research conducted?
Toxic stress during the earliest years of life can have significant negative effects on brain development
Symbolic play
when a child uses on thing to represent something else such as a block becomes a car or a hairbrush becomes a baby bottle for a doll
What kind of play do children move into when they are in the primary grades
games with rules
What did Vygotsky believe to be an important tool for children's learning
Speech
In Maslow's self-actualization theory what was at the base or bottom of the pyramid and considered one of the basic needs
Physical needs
Development
Age-related change that results from an interaction between biological maturation and physical and/or social experience
How are learning theories different than development theories?
Learning theories apply in the same way regardless of the age of the learner, and developmental theories are linked to age-related changes in children
The ability to adapt or control behavior, emotions, and thinking
self-regulation
What is the most important principle in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?
Behaviors change as a result of its immediate consequence
Accommodation
when new information or experience doesn't fit within an existing concept (scheme, the child must modify it or construct a new scheme)
Plasticity
The brain's ability to develop and change in response to experiences.
Assimilation
When new information or experience is understood in connection with existing knowledge (schemes)
Hypothesis
An assumption about or tentative explanation of a phenomenon
Social cognitive theory
Bandura's theory that people can learn efficiently from observing the consequences of another person's behavior
Co-construction
Children learning by solving problems collaboratively with the teacher's support or by working with peers; also called social construction of knowledge
Maturationist
Theory of development that assumes that the sequence of changes in abilities and behavior is largely predetermined by children's biological growth processes rather than by their experiences or learning
Toxic stress
children's experience of intense, frequent and/or prolonged anxiety such as abuse, neglect, violence, or economic deprivation without adult support to help them cope
Scaffolding
The assistance, guidance, and direction teachers provide children to help them accomplish a task or learn a skill (within their ZPF) that they could not achieve on their own