Child Development Unit 4

communication

Preschoolers' more advanced _______ skills, more balanced emotions, positive self-concepts, and great self-confidence are reasons for preschoolers being able to get along better with others.

role play

Children pretend to be someone else during _________.

calcium

Toddlers' parents ensure their children receive enough daily ________ by giving them sufficient milk.

Intellectual development

solve problems; participate in symbolic play and role play; enter the linguistic stage during which they use holophrases and telegraphic speech

social development

advance from solitary play to parallel play; begin naming friends

physical development

large motor skills: walk unassisted, run, kick, pedal a tricycle; small motor skills: self-feed, self-dress, start using the toilet

pretend play

The creation of a fantasy world occurs when toddlers engage in make-believe or _________.

unstructured play

play that is unplanned

life skills

behaviors individuals use to manage personal affairs on a daily basis

solitary play

play in which children play alone

developmentally appropriate

suitable for children of a certain age and interests

linguistic stage

the stage of development in which language is used to convey thoughts

intonation

the pitch or highness or lowness of a sound in which a word is spoken that indicates a different meaning

holophrase

a word that has more than one meaning

telegraphic speech

a style of communication that is short and sweet

receptive vocabulary

all the words that one understands

expressive vocabulary

all the words that one says

fears

Toddlers' _________ include ones of loud noises, large animals, and quick moves.

symbolic play

The substitution of one item for another happens during ________.

self-concepts

Toddlers who receive good feedback develop good __________.

imitation

Most of what toddlers learn is through ________.

empathy

an ability to understand others' thoughts, feelings, and emotions

emotional balance

the moderation of emotions

negativism

the act of being negative and lacking a positive outlook

myplate

Jay's mother prepared two-year-old Jay a nutritious dinner after consulting _________.

temper tantrums

Toddlers may release frustration during __________.

parallel play

During ________, toddlers play alongside but not with other children.

moral development

a developmental process that results in the ability to know right from wrong

conscience

an inner feeling for what is right and wrong

dyslexia

When a child is unable to understand printed symbols in a normal way, it is termed ___________.

conformity

the need to be similar in appearance to and actions of those in their same age group

group identification

a feeling of belonging to a certain group of people

gender identity

recognizing oneself as being a boy or girl

fears

Storms, the dark, noises, falling, dogs, bodily harm, and parental death may be _________ of preschoolers.

coordination, balance

Preschoolers attain __________ and __________ through physical play.

Love, trust

______ and ________ are preschoolers' emotional needs.

intellectual development

use logical thinking to solve ordinary problems; learn new concepts; improve language skills

social development

move from group play to cooperative play; form friendships; become increasingly social

emotional development

start developing a sense of insecurity; achieve more independence and greater self-control

physical development

further develop large and small motor skills; vision improves

competition

__________ may become harmful if children become too aggressive and damage cooperative relationships.

nutritious food

To ensure preschoolers eat __________, parents should consult MyPlate.

permanent

__________ teeth replace baby teeth at the age of five.

symbolic thinking

the ability to understand that words, images, and symbols represent a whole set of ideas

phoneme

a group of sounds in different words that sound alike to native speakers

dyslexia

a learning disability in which a person is unable to understand printed symbols in a normal way

Multiple intelligences

different ways of using the mind and body to experience the world

Intelligence quotient

a number obtained by comparing a person's intelligence to the scores of others on a test

dexterity

_______ is the skillful use of hands and fingers.

toddlers

Preschoolers have greater appetites compared to those of _________, and they usually eat the same foods as their family.

abstract thinking

_________ is generalized or conceptual thinking.

lisping

Preschoolers having trouble pronouncing particular sounds are ____________.

jealousy

Preschoolers snatch toys from other children during group play because of ________.

dramatic play

play in which children imitate real-life situations

group play

play in which children play in a group that is not well-formed

cooperative play

play in which children interact with and share with other children

role play

play that helps preschoolers prepare for school

structured play

play that is formally planned

positive

Parents should give preschoolers attention for __________ behavior.

regression behavior

______ is a temporary or long-term defense mechanism employed to express an unacceptable behavior instead of a more adult-like and acceptable response.

ambidexterous

Preschoolers who can use either hand to accomplish tasks are ___________.