location of dna
nucleus
chargaff's rule
A=T and C=G
# of chromosomes in humans
46 (23 pairs)
charge of dna
negative
Why does DNA migrate to the positive pole in electrophoresis?
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relative rate at which RFLPs migrate in gel electrophoresis
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why is dna profiling used in forensics?
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emt
highschool diploma or GED and formal emergency training. respond to 911 calls for assistance, CPR, bandaging wound, etc.
911 operator
high school diploma or GED. CPR certificate. notify police and call an ambulance in emergency situations. operate radio, telephone, computers and receive reports about crimes, fires, etc.
crime scene investigator
two year degree (bachelor's or master's) study in criminal justice. process crime scene for evidence, photography, labeling, writing reports, etc.
blood splatter analyst
bachelor's degree in forensics, microbiology. obtain blood samples, observe shapes of blood.
nutritionist
bachelor's degree in nutrition science and certification. assess patients nutritional and health needs, counsel on healthy eating habits, develop meal plans.
medical examiner
bachelor's degree, MD degree (doctor of medicine), 4-7 years internship and residency, USMLE (united states medical licensing examination). performs autopsies, inspect organs, tissue, body for cause of death.
toxicologist
bachelor's degree in forensics. designing experiments, testing hypotheses, analyze data, giving evidence in court, etc.
CSI technician
bachelor's degree in forensics, internship, certificate. collectin, processing, and analyzing fingerprints. collecting physical evidence, sketching crime scene.
lividity
helps determine the position of the body at time of death. blood pooling
algor mortis
the cooling of the body after death
Blood splatter analysis
study and analysis of bloodstains at a crime scene. used to draw conclusions about nature, timing, etc.
type a blood
A antigens and anti-B antibodies
type b blood
B antigen and anti-A antibody
type ab blood
A and B antigens, no antibodies, universal recepient
type o blood
universal donor, a and b antibodies
independent variable
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable
the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
ambient temperature
the temperature of the surrounding environment.
nucleus
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and center of the cell
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism
double helix
two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
nucleotide
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deoxyribose
a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
phosphate group
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nitrogenous base
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adenine
the base that pairs with Thymine in DNA
guanine
the base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA
cytosine
the base that pairs with Guanine with DNA
thymine
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purine
double-ring nitrogenous base; adenine and guanine
pyrimidine
single-ring nitrogenous base
cytosine and thymine
gene
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chromatin
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chromosome
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dna profiling
the analysis of DNA samples to determine whether they came from the same individual
gel electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
restriction enzymes (endonucleases)
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restriction fragment length polymorphism
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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3 components of a nucleotide
sugar, phosphate, base