Hazard is a threat to _____________ and their ____________. It arises from _______________, ____________ and ______________ systems.
people and their values. It arises from social, technological and natural systems.
Emergency... normally a sudden and _________ event that calls for __________ measures to minimize its ___________ _________.
unforeseen, immediate measures, consequences
Schmid and Jongman definition of terrorism includes what 3 things?
1. use of force
2. it is a political activity
3. includes an element of fear
Schbley 2003 - says terrorism is a ________ act against _______ civilians and __________.
terrorism is violent act against symbolic civilians and property
Gru 2002 - terrorism is the use of force against ________ to attain a political ___________.
civilians, objective
McCentire defines disasters as: deadly/destructive outcomes as a result of a _________ or ___________ inducing triggering agents that interacts with vulnerabilities from overlapping environments.
physical, human
Quarantelli says the difference between every day societal problems and disasters is
1.
2.
sense of urgency, need to respond quickly to prevent further deterioration
Hazards and emergencies become disasters when... one or more of the __________________ systems that society depends on fails to ___________ to the environment conditions surrounding it.
sociocultural systems, adapt
Disasters can be ________ _________. Recieving more or less media attention.
social phenomena
Most terrorist attacks are __________, but few turn into disasters. Terrorism is one small piece of emergency management but it can be the most ________ than any other hazard.
emergencies, traumatic
what 4 things make a terrorist attack turn into a disaster?
threats to responders, soft targets, advanced weapons and complex and coordinated attacks
what 3 levels of emergency management are there?
1. events requiring local
2. events requiring local and state
3. events requiring local, state and federal
terrorism involves what level of emergency management?
all 3 levels
emergency management: the local government is ____________ but least capable of responding
closet
what is the breakdown of emergency management?
federal - state - local - private sectors and NGOs - individuals
according to Quarantelli what are the 4 phases of disaster preparedness?
mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery
guidelines for emergency planning... basically things need to be __________, based on ____________ not ____________.
flexible, principles not specific
a crisis is a... a __________ of familiar symbolic ___________ that legitimize the preexisting _______ __________ order.
a crisis is the breakdown of familiar symbolic framework that legitimize the preexisting socio-political order
what the 6 phases of the Mitroff crisis management model?
signal detection, probing/preparation, containment, recovery, no-fault learning, redesign
5 good characteristics of a crisis leader?
Bricolage: the capacity to improvise and use problem solving in a creative thinking
Virtual role system: awareness of their role and those around them.
Wisdom: capacity to question what is known, appreciate the limits of knowledge and seek new information
during a crisis, the communicator needs to talk to the public during the preparation, recovery, and response phase, what 4 things do they need to have?
1. understand special needs population
2. understand the population and best delivery methods
3. be a trusted source of info.
4. deliver information accurately and timely
Politics and Emergency management:
- how we label events decides how _________ responds to them
- government has limited __________ to ____________
- emergency planning should be ___________ but it is not. Sometimes it is used to further a political agend
society, resources to allocate, apolitical
medical and public health response needs to have coordination from who?
various levels of government, private and public sector
Quarntelli - what is the distinction between everyday issues and disasters?
1. sense of urgency
2. need to respond to mitigate immediate effects
FBI definition of violent extremism - _________, justifying, condoning, or supporting the commission of a ________ act to achieve political, ideological, religious, social, or economic goals
encouraging, violent
Most repressive stance for countering violent extremism is what response?
military response
Military response is justified in terms of what 3 things?
retribution, incapacitation, deterrence
in-between: criminal justice response has what responses?
- statutory responses
- proactive policing
- Situational crime prevention
- Deradicalization
- disengagement programs
when dealing with a public health model of primary intervention or counter-narratives, it is best to broadcast to whom?
a broad population to avoid stigmatizing a certain group
CVE = countering violent extremism
Counterterrorism is the what approach?
military
what levels can be used for the disengagement programs?
primary - public
secondary - identified individuals at-risk
tertiary - those who have already committed the crime
political settlements/negotiations are the most conciliatory approach - 43 percent of terrorists stopped because they were now what?
involved in the political process
have to be careful when negotiating with terrorists must look at their what?
cohesion, radical ideology, state sponsorship, view on violence, and if they are close to giving up
political settlements need to encompass both what?
larger political demands and individual
Concluded: situational crime prevention can be good because of the
diffusion of benefits