what R is missing in the general features of inflammation?
recognition
recruitment
regulation
repair
removal
major cell involved in acute inflammation
neutrophils
major cell involved in chronic inflammation
monocytes/macrophages
lymphocytes
what is acute inflammation characterised by?
exudation of fluid and plasma proteins and emigration of leukocytes
what does exudate imply
inflammation
difference between transudate and exudate
exudate: high protein content and cellular debris
transudate: low protein content, little to no cellular material
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, stimulate vascular and cellular reactions and cause pain and fever
arachidonic acid metabolites
cytokines
TNF 2
histamine, serotonin, stored as preformed molecules so first to be released by physical injury to cells
vasoactive amines
kill microbes, injure tissues
ROS
vasodilation and microbial killing
NO
microbial killing, injure tissues
lysosomal enzymes
what are the mediators of a fever
IL-1, TNF, prostaglandins
a prolonged host response to persistent stimulus/injury
chronic inflammation
angiogenesis in acute or chronic inflammation
chronic
outpouring of watery, protein poor fluid from serum or mesothelial secretions of cavities- effusion
serous
skin blister is what type of inflammation
serous
in more sever injuries, greater vascular permeability to allow passage of fibrinogen and occurs on lining of body
fibrinous
large amounts of purulent exudate, consists of necrotic cells, neutrophils, edema fluid
suppurative
what is Staphylcoccus referred to as?
pyogenic
an abscess is an example of what
suppurative and have a central necrosis layer around
local defect/excavation on surface of organ or tissue
ulcer
name 4 systemic effects of inflammation
fever
acute phase proteins produced
leukocytosis
septic shock
which systemic effect:
cytokines (TNF, IL-1) stimulates production of prostaglandins in hypothalamus
fever
which systemic effect:
cytokines (IL-6, others) stimulate production of C-reactive protein and others at liver causing endothelial injury
actue phase proteins
which systemic effect:
induced by high levels of TNF, manifestations are hypotension
septic shock
which systemic effect:
cytokines (colony stimulating factors) stimulate production of leukocytes from precursors at bone marrow
leukocytosis