The most profitable product for Cyrene was
medicinal herbs
Irrigation in Iran was different than other areas because of the large desert plain. How did they compensate for this?
vertical shafts provided access to underground irrigation
Iran's mineral resources, though exploited on a limited scale in antiquity, included which of the following?
all of the above (copper, iron, gold, silver)
The Medes were the first Iranian people to
reach a complex level of political organization
The founder of the Achaemenid Persian empire in 550 BC was
Cyrus
Early Iranian social organization was
patriarchal
After uniting Media, Anatolia, Lydia, and Persia, Cyrus conquered
Babylon
Cyrus and his son ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
respecting local priests and native traditions
Persia, under the rule of Darius, was divided into 20 provinces and administered by
Satraps or hereditary provincial governors
Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthened their empire?
Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's
Though Greek sources depict elite Persian women as political pawns, recent findings suggest that Persian women of the elite class
owned property and had political influence
Which of the following most directly contributed to the interconnectedness of the persian empire under Darius?
Well-maintained and patrolled roads
Who would not have traveled with the emperor's entourage in persia?
magi (priests)
Darius established the administrative center of his empire in Susa, however, he began an imperial and ceremonial center for the empire in
persepolis
Which of the following is not a tenet of Zoroastrianism?
belief in the reincarnation of the dead
Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, it economically prospered
through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas
Which of the following best describes the geography and resources of Ancient Greece?
all of the above
(numerous islands, limited arable land, many natural harbors, plentiful olives, grapes, and barley)
Greece was organized into city states called
poleis
Despite the adoption of their alphabetic system from the Phoenicians, literacy in greece
remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions
After emergence from the Dark Ages, the population of Greece increased as much as five-fold. Which of the following was not a reason for the population increase?
dramatic increases in agriculture needed more labor sources
The fortified high point of the polis which offered refuge in an emergency was the
acropolis
the greek dark age was a period of
poverty, isolation, and depopulation
The Archaic period in Greece began
because of the renewed contacts with Phoenicia
Which change inaugurated the advent of the Greek Archaic Period around 800 BCE?
When Phoenician ships started visiting the Aegean Sea
Which of the following is not true of Greek poleis or city-states?
They featured an acropolis and an agora
Close formed ranks of soldiers, called up in times of war, were called
hoplites
coins were significant in all of the following ways except
they were used to pay the professional soldiers
The term the Greeks used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of political norms of the community was called a
tyrant
The emerging middle classes in Greece were constituted by which group of people?
craftsmen and merchants
An oligarchy is a society in which
the wealthy members of society have political power
The Greek concept of democracy included political participation by all free, native-born, adult males and this group:
all Athenians
The Greek gods and goddesses were seen as
superhuman and immortal, but otherwise anthropomorphic
The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through
oracles
Worship and sacrifice to the Greek gods was done in the hope of
a bestowal of favors in return
The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western civilization, was
a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals
Greek Philosophers emphasized which perspective of viewing the world?
Rational explanations for the world around them rather than reliance on religious conceptions
An example of the sophistication of the Greek thinkers was the development of the theory that the world is composed of
atoms
The father of history in the Western tradition is
Herodotus
One of the primary internal rivals to Athenian power in the Greek empire was
Sparta
Spartan foreign policy was
cautious and isolated
The Greek leader who led Athens to a full participatory democracy for all males was
Pericles
The final battle of the Persian wars that defeated Xerxes was at which site?
Plataea
What was the primary instrument of Athenian naval success?
The trireme
The Persian defeat in the wars with Greece was due to all of the following exept
domestic political tumoil
The first of the three Greek classical philosophers and the one whose actions lead to his trial and execution was
socrates
The transition to a literary, rather than orally based, culture is notable in the works of
Plato
How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?
The independent poleis fostered rivalry and mistrust among neighbors
The Thesmophoria was
a three day festival of Athenian women
Phillip II planned to invade which area before his untimely death?
Persia
Which of the following in not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?
He promoted local militias
When Alexander the Great died, his vast empire broke into three Macedonian dynasties: The Seleucid, the Antigonid, and the
Ptolemaic
Which of the following were not "cosmopolitan" featured of Hellenistic societies?
Homogenous societies
The Seleucid kingdom, after the death of Alexander, retained which portion of the empire?
Persian
The term Hellenistic Age refers to the
political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and Western Asia
Comparatively late development of irrigation for domesticated agriculture meant that Persia
had less dense population and late urbanization
The period of Iranian history associated with the rule of Cyrus the great was known as
Achaemenid
The Greeks added vowel sounds to what system of writing in order to develop the first true alphabet?
Phoenecian