NCLEX- Lab Values/ABG/EKG

Urine Specific Gravity

1.010-1.030

Hematocrit (Males)

42-52%

Hematocrit (Females)

37-47%

Hemoglobin (Males)

14-18

Hemoglobin (Females)

12-16

PTT (without Heparin)

20-45 seconds

PTT with Heparin

times 20-45 by 1.5-2.0 (normal) (about 60-70)

PT (with or without Warfarin)

11-12.5 seconds

INR (Warfarin)

2-3 seconds

INR (without Warfarin)

0.8-1.1 seconds

Potassium

3.5-5.0

Sodium

135-145

Chloride

98-106

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

23-30

BUN

10-20

Creatinine

0.5-1.1

Glucose

70-110

Calcium

8.5-10.5

Phosphate

3.0-4.5

Magnesium

1.3-2.1

Albumin

3.5-5.0

WBC

5,000-10,000

RBC

4.7-6.1

Platelets

150,000-400,000

ABG pH

7.35-7.45

ABG O2 sat

95-100%

ABG PCO2

35-45

ABG HCO3

22-26

ABG PaO2

80-100

Cholesterol

150-200

Triglycerides

100-200

LDL (bad cholesterol)

<160

HDL (good cholesterol)

35-70

Hba1C

4.5-7%

Neonate head circumference

30-35 cm

Neonate chest circumference

32 cm

Neonate Respiration

30-60 bpm with apnea (over 15 sec is bad)

Neonate Heart Rate

120-160 (awake)
180 (crying)
100 (sleeping)
May have murmurs- this is normal

Neonate Blood Pressure

60/40 - 80/50 mmHg

Fetal Heart Rate

120-160 bpm

Iron

50-160

Digoxin

0.5-2.0

Lithium

1.0-1.5

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

Preload - the pressure from fluid during diastole in the right ventricle.
2-6 mmHg OR 3-12 cm of water
ALSO KNOWN AS 'RVEDP'

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP)

Preload - the pressure from fluid during diastole in the left ventricle
4-12 mmHg
ALSO KNOWN AS 'WEDGE' OR 'LVEDP'

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Afterload - the amount of pressure it takes to eject the blood in the left ventricle going into the aorta.
800-1200 mmHg

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)

Afterload- the amount of pressure it takes to eject the blood in the right ventricle going into the pulmonary artery.
50-250 mmHg

Cardiac Output

4-8 L/min

Stroke Volume

60-70 ml/beat

Ejection Fraction

60-70%

Hypoventilation

Respiratory acidosis

COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, neuromuscular diseases, post op recovery, and narcotics

Respiratory acidosis

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Starvation

Metabolic acidosis

Shock

Metabolic acidosis

Aspirin overdose

Metabolic acidosis

Diarrhea

Metabolic acidosis

Hyperventilation

Respiratory alkalosis

Fear, anxiety, pain, fever

Respiratory alkalosis

Head injury

Respiratory alkalosis

Diuretics

Metabolic alkalosis

Prolonged NG suction

Metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting

Metabolic alkalosis

Antacids

Metabolic alkalosis

How many seconds is a small box on an EKG strip?

0.04 seconds

How many seconds is a large box on an EKG strip?

0.20 seconds

How many large boxes does it take to show a 6 second strip?

30 large boxes

PR interval

0.12-0.20 seconds

First Degree Heart Block

If the P-R interval is longer than 0.20 seconds, it's a first-degree AV block. (longer than one big box)

Second Degree Heart Block Type I (Wenkebach)

Inconsistent PR intervals. The PR interval gets longer, longer, and longer until the QRS complex DROPS!

Second Degree Heart Block Type II (Mobitz II)

Consistent PR intervals, but not always followed by a QRS complex.

Third Degree Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)

Totally irregular. The P's and the QRS just don't match up. They are all over the place.

Atrial Flutter

The shark tooth EKG.
You want to decrease the rate so give diltizem, verapamil, digitalis, beta blocker.

Atrial Fibrillation

Give digoxin or CCB and WARFARIN

SVT

>160 bpm. Do vagual maneuver or adenosine

PVC

give lidocaine

Bradycardia

Give atropine

Vtach

Do CPR; amiodarone; lidocaine

Vfib

DO CPR!!!!!!