Urine Specific Gravity
1.010-1.030
Hematocrit (Males)
42-52%
Hematocrit (Females)
37-47%
Hemoglobin (Males)
14-18
Hemoglobin (Females)
12-16
PTT (without Heparin)
20-45 seconds
PTT with Heparin
times 20-45 by 1.5-2.0 (normal) (about 60-70)
PT (with or without Warfarin)
11-12.5 seconds
INR (Warfarin)
2-3 seconds
INR (without Warfarin)
0.8-1.1 seconds
Potassium
3.5-5.0
Sodium
135-145
Chloride
98-106
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
23-30
BUN
10-20
Creatinine
0.5-1.1
Glucose
70-110
Calcium
8.5-10.5
Phosphate
3.0-4.5
Magnesium
1.3-2.1
Albumin
3.5-5.0
WBC
5,000-10,000
RBC
4.7-6.1
Platelets
150,000-400,000
ABG pH
7.35-7.45
ABG O2 sat
95-100%
ABG PCO2
35-45
ABG HCO3
22-26
ABG PaO2
80-100
Cholesterol
150-200
Triglycerides
100-200
LDL (bad cholesterol)
<160
HDL (good cholesterol)
35-70
Hba1C
4.5-7%
Neonate head circumference
30-35 cm
Neonate chest circumference
32 cm
Neonate Respiration
30-60 bpm with apnea (over 15 sec is bad)
Neonate Heart Rate
120-160 (awake)
180 (crying)
100 (sleeping)
May have murmurs- this is normal
Neonate Blood Pressure
60/40 - 80/50 mmHg
Fetal Heart Rate
120-160 bpm
Iron
50-160
Digoxin
0.5-2.0
Lithium
1.0-1.5
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Preload - the pressure from fluid during diastole in the right ventricle.
2-6 mmHg OR 3-12 cm of water
ALSO KNOWN AS 'RVEDP'
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP)
Preload - the pressure from fluid during diastole in the left ventricle
4-12 mmHg
ALSO KNOWN AS 'WEDGE' OR 'LVEDP'
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Afterload - the amount of pressure it takes to eject the blood in the left ventricle going into the aorta.
800-1200 mmHg
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
Afterload- the amount of pressure it takes to eject the blood in the right ventricle going into the pulmonary artery.
50-250 mmHg
Cardiac Output
4-8 L/min
Stroke Volume
60-70 ml/beat
Ejection Fraction
60-70%
Hypoventilation
Respiratory acidosis
COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, neuromuscular diseases, post op recovery, and narcotics
Respiratory acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Starvation
Metabolic acidosis
Shock
Metabolic acidosis
Aspirin overdose
Metabolic acidosis
Diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperventilation
Respiratory alkalosis
Fear, anxiety, pain, fever
Respiratory alkalosis
Head injury
Respiratory alkalosis
Diuretics
Metabolic alkalosis
Prolonged NG suction
Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting
Metabolic alkalosis
Antacids
Metabolic alkalosis
How many seconds is a small box on an EKG strip?
0.04 seconds
How many seconds is a large box on an EKG strip?
0.20 seconds
How many large boxes does it take to show a 6 second strip?
30 large boxes
PR interval
0.12-0.20 seconds
First Degree Heart Block
If the P-R interval is longer than 0.20 seconds, it's a first-degree AV block. (longer than one big box)
Second Degree Heart Block Type I (Wenkebach)
Inconsistent PR intervals. The PR interval gets longer, longer, and longer until the QRS complex DROPS!
Second Degree Heart Block Type II (Mobitz II)
Consistent PR intervals, but not always followed by a QRS complex.
Third Degree Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)
Totally irregular. The P's and the QRS just don't match up. They are all over the place.
Atrial Flutter
The shark tooth EKG.
You want to decrease the rate so give diltizem, verapamil, digitalis, beta blocker.
Atrial Fibrillation
Give digoxin or CCB and WARFARIN
SVT
>160 bpm. Do vagual maneuver or adenosine
PVC
give lidocaine
Bradycardia
Give atropine
Vtach
Do CPR; amiodarone; lidocaine
Vfib
DO CPR!!!!!!