Thoracic
Chest cavity
Sternum
Breastbone
Mediastinum
The cavity between the lungs, in which the heart is located
Base
The top of the heart where the great vessels emerge
The 3 layers of the heart are:
1.) Epicardium
2.) Myocardium
3.) Endocardium
Epicardium
Outer layer of the heart. Contains coronary arteries
Myocardium
Middle; thickest layer of the heart. Made of muscle
Endocardium
Innermost layer of the heart. Form heart valves
Pericardium
The sac that enclosed the heart
Pericardial fluid
Small amount of fluid found between the pericardial sac. Minimizes friction with each heartbeat
The heart has 4 chambers:
1.) Right atrium
2.) Right ventricle
3.) Left atrium
4.) Right ventricle
Right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and delivers to the right ventricle
Right ventricle
Pumps blood to the lungs
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and deliver to the left ventricle
Left ventricle
Pumps blood throughout the body
Blood pressure
The pressure exerted on the arterial walls by the circulating blood
Septum
The fibrous tissue that separate the heart into right and left sides
Interatrial septum
Muscular band of tissue separating the right and left atria
Interventricular septum
Muscular band of tissue separating right and left ventricle
The 4 heart valves are:
Semilunar valves:
1.) pulmonic valve
2.) Aortic
Atrioventricular (AV) valves:
3.) tricuspid
4.) Mitral
Pulmonic valve
Valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Aortic
Largest artery in the body, into which left ventricle empties out
Tricuspid
Valve that separates/between the right atrium and right ventricle. Has 3 cusps
Mitral
Valve that separates/between the left atrium and left ventricle. "Bicuspid" 2 cusps
Chordae tendineae
Tendinous cords that attach to the AV valves and prevent then from everting
Papillary muscle
Muscle to which the chordae tendineae are attached at the bottom
Systole
Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricle contracts and expels it's blood
Diastole
Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricular relax and fill blood
The 5 great vessels (at the base) are:
1.) Superior vena cava
2.) Inferior vena cave
3.) Pulmonary artery
4.) Pulmonary veins
5.) Aorta
Cardiac cycle
Mechanical movement pump blood to, through, and out the heart.
Diastole has 3 phases:
1.) Rapid filling phase
2.) Diastasis
3.) Atrial kick
Rapid filling phase
First phase of diastole in which the ventricular fill rapidly with blood from atria
Diastasis
2nd phase flow into ventricle slows as pressure equalized
Atrial kick
Last phase: contract, squeezing remainder of blood into ventricle.
Cardiac output
The amount of blood expelled by the heart each minute. Measure as heart rate times stroke volume
The systole has 4 phases:
1.) Isovolumetric contraction
2.) Ventricular ejection
3.) Protodiastole
4.) Isovolumetric relaxation
Isovolumetric contraction
First phase systole: ventricles contract but no blood is flowing
Ventricular ejection
Second phase systole: Semilunar valve open, blood pours out of the ventricle
Protodiastole
3rd phase systole: blood flow out of the ventricles, slows as pressure equalize
Isovolumetric relaxation
Final phase of systole: ventricles relax and stops, Semilunar valves close
Blood flow chart through systemic circulation (6)
1.) Aorta ? 2.) Arteries ? 3.) Capillary bed ? 4.) Venules ? 5.) Veins ? 6.) Vena cava
Blood flow chart through the heart (14)
1.) Superior/inferior vena cava ? 2.) Right atrium ? 3.) Tricuspid valve ?4.) Right ventricle ?5.)pulmonic valve ?6.) Pulmonary artery ? 7.) Lungs ? 8.) Pulmonary veins ? 9.) Left atrium ? 10.) Mitral valve ? 11.) Left ventricle ? 12.) Aortic valve ? 13.)
Arteries
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the tissues or the lung
Arterioles
Small artery that empties into capillary bed
Capillary bed
Smallest blood vessels in the body, where nutrient and gas exchange take place
Venules
Small vein that drains blood away from a capillary bed
Veins
Blood vessel that transports, deoxygenated blood away from the tissues
Vena cava
Largest vein in the body, returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
Left anterior desending (LAD)
A branch of the left main coronary artery. Feeds oxygenated blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle
Circumflex
Branch off the left main artery that feeds oxygenated blood to the lateral wall if the left ventricle.
Window maker (heart attack)
Right coronary artery (RCA)
Coronary artery that feeds oxygenated blood to the right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle
Contractile cells
Cardiac cell whose job is to contact and cause blood flow
Conduction system cell
Create and conduct electrical impulse to regulate the cardiac cycle
Normal heart rate
60 to 100 beat per minute
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Control involuntary bodily functions.
1.)sympathetic
2.)parasympathetic
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight. Hits the accelerator
Norepinephrine
Chemical released by the adrenal gland when stimulated
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest. Puts on the brake
Acetylcholine
Hormone released as a result
Vagus nerve
Nerve that is part of the Parasympathetic nervous system. Causes the heart rate to slow when stimulated
Glottis
Flap over the top of the windpipe
Trachea
Windpipe
Syncope
Fainting spell
Resuscitation
Restoring respiration and/or pulse by way artificial respiration and cardiac compressions