Origin of the term "Cloud Computing
-Comes from early days of the internet where we drew the network as a cloud and didn't care where the messages went"
-First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction)
-Second cloud around docs (WWW data abstraction)
Cloud computing:
a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
-can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction
Cloud computing characteristics:
1. On-demand self-service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling (location independence)
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Measured service
Cloud service models:
1. Cloud software as a service (SaaS)
2. Cloud Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
-To be considered 'cloud' they must be deployed on top of cloud infrastructure that has the key characteristics
Cloud software as a service (SaaS):
Use provider's applications over a network
Cloud Platform as a service (PaaS):
Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS):
Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources
Cloud deployment models:
1. Public Cloud
2. Private cloud
3. Community cloud
4. Hybrid cloud
Public cloud:
Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
Private cloud:
enterprise owned or leased
Community cloud:
shared infrastructure for specific community
Hybrid cloud:
composition of two or more cloud
Common cloud characteristics:
massive scale, homogeneity, virtualization, resilient computing, low cost software, geographic distribution, service orientation, advanced security technologies
Cloud security key issues:
trust, multi-tenancy, encryption, compliance
Multi-Tenancy:
refers to a software architecture in which a single instance of software runs on a server and serves multiple tenants.
Tenant:
a group of users who share a common access with specific privileges to the software instance
General security advantages:
-shifting public data to a external cloud reduces the exposure of the internal sensitive data
-cloud homogeneity makes security auditing/testing simpler
-cloud enable automated security management
-redundancy/ disaster recovery
General security challenges:
-Loss of administrative control: trusting vendor's security model, customer dependent on vendor to respond to audit findings, obtaining support for investigations, indirect admin accountability
-Loss of physical control
Security relevant cloud components:
-Cloud provisioning services
-Cloud data storage services
-Cloud Processing infrastructure
-Cloud Support services
-Cloud Network and perimeter security
-Elastic elements: storage, processing, and virtual networks
Cloud provisioning services:
Pros: rapid reconstitution of services, enables availability, advanced honey net capabilities
Cons: impact of compromising the provisioning service
Cloud data storage services:
Pros: data fragmentation & dispersal (enhances performance), automated replication, provision of data zones (by country), encryption at rest and in transit, automated data retention
Cons: isolation management/ data multi-tenancy, storage controller, expos
Cloud Processing infrastructure:
Pros: ability to secure master images and push out secure images
Cons: Application multi-tenancy (many users of a single software instance), reliance on hypervisors (The software that hosts virtual machines), process isolation/ application sandboxes
Cloud Support services:
Pros: On demand security controls (authentication, logging, firewalls
Cons: Additional risk when intergraded w customer applications, needs certification & accreditation as a separate application , code updates
Cloud Network and perimeter security:
Pros: distributed denial of service (DDOS) protection, virtual network (VLAN) capabilities, perimeter security (IDS, firewall, authentication)
Cons: virtual zoning with application mobility
What stage of the SDLC process would project manager most likely make a "Go/ No Go" decision?
Systems Investigation
When was the world wide web invented and by who?
1989 - Tim Berners-Lee
Why the web evolves: The Web Landscape
-Social Media: Interaction among people where they create, share and exchange info & ideas in virtual communities & networks. Ex: Facebook, twitter, instagram, snapchat
Five Social Media Trends for 2017:
1. Social Messaging
2. The fight against fake news
3. Authentic content
4. Augmented
Why the web evolves: (The web landscape)
Content management systems: software that allows publishing, editing and modifying content from a central interface, providing procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative enviornment (EX: wordpress, joomla)
What's the most critical component of managing website transformation?
Communication
Website Transformation Process: Phase 1: Defining the project
-Team formation, team project management site, development, test & production servers, web surveys, site & content
Website Transformation Process: Phase 2: Developing site structure
-content outline &site map, content analysis, global features & content types, content sharing relationships, user roles, content moderation & workflow
Website Transformation Process: Phase 3: Production
-content creation &revision, primary theme & site production, CMS admin training, site replication & customization
Website Transformation Process: Phase 4: Training, Launch, & Buildout
site buildout & content addition, phased site launch, site archives, project closeout
Website Transformation Process: Phase 5: Site & CMS Maintenance:
site maintenance, CMS & server maintenance, other site conversion, expanded CMS training
What's the most critical component of managing website transformation?
Communication
What type of project management documentation includes information about all of the Triple constraints?
Gantt Chart
3 main obj of IT Strategic Plan:
1. aligned w the org's strategic plan
2. must provide for an IT architecture that seamlessly networks users, apps and databases
3. must efficiently allocate IS development resources among competing projects so they can be completed on time within budget
4 common approaches to cost-benefit analysis:
1. Net present value (NPV)
2. Return on investment (ROI)
3. Breakeven analysis
4. Business case approach
A cost-benefit analysis is related most closely to what type of project management feasibility assessment?
economic
Acquiring IT apps BUY:
Pros: many types available, saves time, don't need to hire special people, vendor updates software frequently, price is lower
Cons: may not meet company's needs, difficult to modify, may not have control over changes, venders may go out of business
Acquiring IT apps LEASE:
Two types:
1. lease from an outsourcer & install it on the company's premises
2. using an application system provider (ASP)
Acquiring IT apps DEVELOPMENT IN-HOUSE:
Two approaches:
1. build from scratch
2. Build from components
Making the adobe creative cloud available to UofA students is an example of what type of approach for software acquisition?
Lease
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Systems Analysis is the:
process whereby systems analysts examine the business problem that the organization plans to solve with an IS
SDLC: Systems Design:
describes how the system will resolve the business problem
-Deliverable: a set of technical system specifications
What SDLC stage would changes to the systems requirements be the most costly to make?
operation and maintenance
Tools for systems development:
1. Prototyping
2. Integrated computer-assisted software engineering tools (CASE)
3. component-based development
4. object-oriented development
Alternative methods and tools (Systems development):
1. joint app design (JAD)
2. Rapid app development (RAD)
3. Agile development
4. End-user development
5. tools for systems development
Business metrics that describe the performance of critical business activities are known as:
key performance indicators
What type of problem has an optimal solution can be reached through single set of steps based on an algorithm?
structured
A business intelligence tool that uses abstractions such as color and graphical images like instrument gauges to allow executives to grasp business situations quickly is known as a:
digital dashboard
Often presented visually on an executive dashboard, what type of report focuses attention on business processes whose performance falls outside the range of their defined KPI metrics?
exception
A graphical description of a database that describes the way in which an organizations data & business activities are associated with one another is known as _________:
an entity relationship diagram
In a relational database, what term refers to the collection of items that are all related to a single unique value, where the single value often serves as the primary key?
a record
In the case study discussed in database management class, how did marketing use info to improve the profitability of their sales?
customers were classified according into a status level & market segment
The characteristics of big data are described as being related to volume, velocity and what other characteristic?
variety
What type of data mining analysis identifies patterns in the data based on geographical or temporal proximity?
clustering
Concerns over discrimination, data contamination and intellectual property were legal and ethical issues discussed in relation to what topic?
data mining
When analyzing a set of click-steam data, what term is used to describe the percentage of rows containing an item relative to the total number of rows?
support
What is the term used to describe the process of reducing the number of dimensions of a multi-dimensional data cube?
projection
What type of data structure allows us to organize multi-dimensional info from a data warehouse so that is can be viewed using different data abstractions?
data cube