ARPANET
_____ is the predecessor to the Internet.
MULTICS
_____ was the first operating system to integrate security as its core functions.
Physical
_____ security addresses the issues necessary to protect the tangible items, objects, or areas of an organization from unauthorized access and misuse.
hash
In file hashing, a file is read by a special algorithm that uses the value of the bits in the file to compute a single large number called a _____ value.
NSTISSI No. 4011
_____ presents a comprehensive information security model and has become a widely accepted evaluation standard for the security of information systems.
(software, hardware, data)
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
An information system is the entire set of _____, people, procedures, and networks that make possible the use of information resources in the organization.
SDLC
The _____ is a methodology for the design and implementation of an information system in an organization.
waterfall
The _____ model consists of six general phases.
physical design
During the _____ phase, specific technologies are selected to support the alternatives identified and evaluated in the logical design.
maintenance and change
Which of the following phases is the longest and most expensive phase of the systems development life cycle?
Incident response
Part of the logical design phase of the SecSDLC is planning for partial or catastrophic loss. _____ dictates what steps are taken when an attack occurs.
(Data owners, Data custodians, Data users)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which of the following is a valid type of data ownership?
system administrators
People with the primary responsibility for administering the systems that house the information used by the organization perform the _____ role.
PKI
_____ is an integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, and legal agreements that can be used to support the entire information infrastructure of an organization.
Trojan horses
_____ are software programs that hide their true nature, and reveal their designed behavior only when activated.
hoaxes
As frustrating as viruses and worms are, perhaps more time and money is spent on resolving virus _____.
SLA
Web hosting services are usually arranged with an agreement providing minimum service levels known as a(n) _____.
novice
There are generally two skill levels among hackers: expert and _____.
hacktivist
One form of online vandalism is _____ operations, which interfere with or disrupt systems to protest the operations, policies, or actions of an organization or government agency.
cyberterrorism
According to Mark Pollitt, _____ is the premeditated, politically motivated attacks against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in violence against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents.
SAM
The _____ data file contains the hashed representation of the user's password.
denial-of-service
In a _____ attack, the attacker sends a large number of connection or information requests to a target.
distributed denial-of-service
A _____ is an attack in which a coordinated stream of requests is launched against a target from many locations at the same time.
man-in-the-middle
In the well-known _____ attack, an attacker monitors (or sniffs) packets from the network, modifies them, and inserts them back into the networks.
TCP
The _____ hijacking attack uses IP spoofing to enable an attacker to impersonate another entity on the network.
social engineering
4-1-9" fraud is an example of a _____ attack.
256
Microsoft acknowledged that if you type a res://URL (a Microsoft-devised type of URL) which is longer than _____ characters in Internet Explorer 4.0, the browser will crash.
Civil
_____ law comprises a wide variety of laws that govern a nation or state.
Public
_____ law regulates the structure and administration of government agencies and their relationships with citizens, employees, and other governments.
Fraud
The Computer _____ and Abuse Act of 1986 is the cornerstone of many computer-related federal laws and enforcement efforts.
to harass
According to the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996, the severity of the penalty for computer crimes depends on the value of the information obtained and whether the offense is judged to have been committed for each of the followin
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
The National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 modified which Act?
Health Insurance
The _____ Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, also known as the Kennedy-Kassebaum Act, protects the confidentiality and security of health care data by establishing and enforcing standards and by standardizing electronic data interchange.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
Which of the following acts is a collection of statues that regulate the interception of wire, electronic, and oral communications?
Financial Services Modernization Act
Which of the following acts is also widely known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
Federal Agency Information Security
What is the subject of the Computer Security Act?
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
Which of the following acts defines and formalizes laws to counter threats from computer related acts and offenses?
USA Patriot Act
_____ defines stiffer penalties for prosecution of terrorists crimes.
Economic Espionage Act
_____ attempts to prevent trade secrets from being illegally shared.
Security and Freedom through Encryption Act
The _____ of 1999 provides guidance on the use of encryption and provides protection from government intervention.
2001
The Council of Europe adopted the Convention of Cybercrime in _____.
Singapore
Which of the following countries reported generally intolerant attitudes toward personal use of organizational computing resources?
by accident
Individuals with authorization and privileges to manage information within the organization are most likely to cause harm or damage _____.
intent
Criminal or unethical _____ goes to the state of mind of the individual performing the act.
(Fear of penalty; Probability of being caught; Probability of penalty being administered)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Laws and policies and their associated penalties only deter if which of the following conditions is present?
disadvantage
The concept of competitive _____ refers to falling behind the competition.
risk identification
The first phase of risk management is _____.
MAC
_____ addresses are sometimes called electronic serial numbers or hardware addresses.
data classification scheme
Many corporations use a _____ to help secure the confidentiality and integrity of information.
FCO
A(n) _____ is an authorization issued by an organization for the repair, modification, or update of a piece of equipment.
(distribution, portability, destruction)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Management of classified data includes its storage and _____.
dumpster diving
There are individuals who search trash and recycling - a practice known as _____ - to retrieve information that could embarrass a company or compromise information security.
Risk
_____ equals likelihood of vulnerability occurrence times value (or impact) minus percentage risk already controlled plus an element of uncertainty.
general
The _____ security policy is an executive-level document that outlines the organization's approach and attitude towards information security and relates the strategic value of information security within the organization.
program
The _____ security policy is a planning document that outlines the process of implementing security in the organization.
defend control
The _____ strategy attempts to prevent the exploitation of the vulnerability.
transfer control
The _____ strategy attempts to shift risk to other assets, other processes, or other organizations.
IR
The actions an organization can and perhaps should take while an incident is in progress should be specified in a document called the _____ plan.
DR
_____ plans usually include all preparations fro the recovery process, strategies to limit losses during the disaster, and detailed steps to follow when the smoke clears, the dust settles, or the floodwaters recede.
accept control
The _____ strategy is the choice to do nothing to protect a vulnerability and to accept the outcome of its exploitation.
CBA
The formal decision making process used when considering the economic feasibility of implementing information security controls and safeguards is called a(n) _____.
ARO
_____ is simply how often you expect a specific type of attack to occur.
standard of due care
When organizations adopt levels of security for a legal defense, they may need to show that they have done what any prudent organization would do in similar circumstances. This is referred to as a(n) _____.
Operational
_____ feasibility analysis examines user acceptance and support, management acceptance and support, and the overall requirements of the organization's stakeholders.
appetite
Risk _____ defines the quantity and nature of risk that organizations are willing to accept as they evaluate the tradeoffs between perfect security and unlimited accessibility.
vision
Strategic planning is the process of moving the organization towards its _____.
de jure
Standards may be published, scrutinized, and ratified by a group, as in formal or _____ standards.
EISP
The _____ is based on directly supports the mission, vision, and direction of the organization and sets the strategic direction, scope, and tone for all security efforts.
SysSPs
_____ often function as standards or procedures to be used when configuring or maintaining systems.
framework
A security _____ is an outline of the overall information security strategy for the organization and roadmap for planned
ISO/IEC 27002
The stated purpose of _____ is to "give recommendations for information security management for use by those who are responsible for initiating, implementing, or maintaining security in their organization.
(United States, Germany, Japan)
NONE OF THE ABOVE
What country adopted ISO/IEC 177799?
(organizing, leading, controlling)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Effective management includes planning and _____.
(firewalls, proxy servers, access controls)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Redundancy can be implemented at a number of points throughout the security architecture, such as in _____.
Operational
_____ controls address personnel security, physical security, and the protection of production inputs and outputs.
domains
Security _____are the areas of trust within which users can freely communicate.
DMZ
A buffer against outside attacks is frequently referred to as a(n) _____.
Network
_____-based IDPSs look at patterns of network traffic and attempt to detect unusual activity based on previous baselines.
CISO
The SETA program is the responsibility of the _____ and is a control measure designed to reduce the incidences of accidental security breaches by employees.
IR
A(n) _____ plan deals with the identification, classification, response, and recovery from an incident.
roster
An alert _____ is a document containing contact information for the people to be notified in the event of an incident.
assessment
Incident damage _____ is the rapid determination of the scope of the breach of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and information assets during or just following an incident.
cold
A _____ site provides only rudimentary services and facilities.
electronic vaulting
The transfer of large batches of data to an off-site facility is called _____.
five
Firewalls fall into _____ major processing-mode categories.
Packet-filtering
_____ firewalls examine every incoming packet header and can selectively filter packets based on header information such as destination address, source address, packet type, and other key information.
(IP source and destination address; Direction (inbound or outbound); TCP or UDP source and destination port requests)
ALL OF THE ABOVE
The restrictions most commonly implemented in packet-filtering firewalls are based on _____.
dynamic
A _____ filtering firewall can react to an emergent event and update or create rules to deal with the event.
Stateful
_____ inspection firewalls keep track of each network connection between internal and external systems.
DMZ
The _____ is an intermediate area between a trusted network and an untrusted network.
MAC layer
_____ firewalls are designed to operate at the media access control sublayer of the data link layer of the OSI network model.
screened subnet
The dominant architecture used to secure network access today is the _____ firewall.
SOCKS
_____ is the protocol for handling TCP traffic through a proxy server.
7
ICMP uses port _____ to request a response to a query and can be the first indicator of a malicious attack.
rating and filtering
In most common implementation models, the content filter has two components: _____
RADIUS
_____ and TACACS are systems that authenticate the credentials of users who are trying to access an organization's network via a dial-up connection.
KDC
_____ generates and issues session keys in Kerberos.
TGS
Kerberos _____ provides tickets to clients who request services.
VPN
A(n) _____ is "a private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures.
transport
In _____ mode, the data within an IP packet is encrypted, but the header information is not.