agile methodology
aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements
analysis phase
the firm analyzes its end-user business requirements and refines project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system
business requirement
the specific business requests the system must meet to be successful
change control board (CCB)
responsible for approving or rejecting all change requests
change management
offers procedures and policies managers can use to help manage change during system development
change management system
includes a collection of procedures to document a change request and identifies the expected impact associated with the change
critical path
estimates the shortest path through the project ensuring all critical tasks are completed from start to finish
dependency
a logical relationship that exists between the project tasks, or between a project task and a milestone
design phase
establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation
development phase
takes all the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforms them into the actual system
executive sponsor
the person or group who provides the financial resources for the project
extreme programming (XP) methodology
breaks a project into 4 phases, and developers cannot continue to the next phases until the previous phase is complete
Gantt chart
a simple bar chart that lists project tasks vertically against the project's time frame, listed horizontally
implementation phase
the organization places the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it
in-sourcing (in-house development)
uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems
iterative development
consists of a series of tiny projects
kill switch
a trigger that enables a project manager to close the project before completion
maintenance phase
the organization performs changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades, to ensure the system continues to meet its business goals
methodology
a set of policies, procedures, standards, processes, practices, tools, techniques, and tasks that people apply to technical and management challenges
nearshore outsourcing
contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country
offshore outsourcing
using organizations from developing from developing countries to write code and develop systems
onshore outsourcing
engaging another company within the same country for services
outsourcing
an arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart
a graphical network model that depicts a project's tasks and the relationships between them
planning phase
establishes a high-level plan of the inteded project and determines project goals
project
temporary activity a company undertakes to creat a unique product, service, or result
project assumption
factors considered to be true, real, or certain without proof or demonstration
project charter
a document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the start of a project and provides the project manger with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
project constraint
speicific factors that can limit options
project deliverable
any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that is produced to complete a project or part of a project
project management
the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
project management institute (PMI)
develops procedures and concepts necessary to support the profession of the project management
project management office (PMO)
an internal department that oversees all organizational projects
project manager
an individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget
project milestones
represent key dates when a certain group of activites must be performed
project objective
quantifiable criteria that must be met for the project to be considered a success
project plan
a formal, approved document that manages and controls project execution
project scope statement
links the project to the organization's overall business goals
project stakeholder
individuals and organizations actively involved in the project or whose interests might be affected as a result of project execution or project completion
prototype
a smaller-scale representation or working model of the users' requirements or the proposed design for an informations system
rapid application development (RAD) methodology (also called rapid prototyping)
emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid an evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system, to accelerate the systems development process
rational unified process (RUP) methodology
provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into 4 "gates
scrum methodology
uses small teams to produce small pieces of software using a series of "sprints," or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal
systems development life cycle (SDLC)
the overall process for developing information systems, from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance
testing phase
brings all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs, and verify that the system meets all the business requirements defined in the analysis phase
waterfall methodology
a sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next