focal
single abnormality or focus
multifocal
many scattered foci
locally extensive
all of tissue in a zone is effected
diffuse
involving an entire tissue or organ
peracute
becoming apparent rapidly, usually caused by a potent stimulus
acute
occurring within 4-6 hours of stimulus and lasting 3-5 days, remaining constant in appearance
subacute
inflammatory reactions characterized by a decrease in redness of the tissue and fluid accumulation after initial insult, intermediate duration (10-14 days)
chronic
persistent inflammatory stimulus over longer period of time, usually by an immune response and evidence of repair (such as scarring)
vasodilation
dilation of small blood vessels, results in increased blood flow to the affected area and in turn the onset of heat and redness
increased vascular permeability
fluid, cells, and proteins escape due to damage to endothelial cells or increase in vessel pore size from contraction of endothelial cells- creates swelling
cellular events
WBCs and RBCs leak out of affected vessels
mediators
components to help control the inflammatory reaction
histamine
released from mast cells as well as activated platelets, dilates blood vessels and increases vascular permeability
serotonin
found in CNS as a neurotransmitter as well as being released by activated platelets, dilates blood vessels and increases vascular permeability
plasma proteases
include coagulation factors and complement (mediator)
prostaglandins
most important vasodilators and mediators of inflammation
cytokines
molecules that direct WBCs to the site of inflammation, regulate cell function and proliferation with immune response
exudate
fluid that accumulates within the tissues experiencing inflammation
serous
fluid low in dissolved protein, low number of cells, no clotting factors (exudate)
serosanguineous
fluid containing both serum and blood-thin and watery
purulent
cloudy/yellow, white or green containing many leukocytes (exudate)
fibrinopurulent
contains the clotting protein fibrin and pus (exudate)
fibrinous
exudate that contains fibrin, but lacks pus
hemorrhagic
exudate that contains many RBCs
catarrhous
exudate that contains mucus
pseudo
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