advanced nremt prep

What is the lung sound referred to as "crackles" indicative of?

Air being forced through airways that are narrowed by fluid, mucus, or pus

A duo-nebulizer is a common treatment for __________ and contains a mixture of a beta-2 agonist and ____________?

Bronchospasm/Ipratropium Bromide

You arrive to find a 40-year-old female complaining of palpitations and dizziness. Your assessment reveals SpO2 reading of 86%, BP 102/78, pulse 128/irregular and respirations of 26 per minute. The patient tells you she has no past medical problems. What

Hypoxemia

During your initial assessment, you observe that the patient can only answer questions in two-word sentences. Based on this finding, you should?

Administer oxygen at 15L/min via NRB

A patient in mild respiratory distress due to COPD would probably be transported in what position?

Fowler's

A patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. What procedures should be performed for this patient?

Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilation for 2 minutes

The main advantage of an NPA (nasopharyngeal adjunct) over an OPA (oropharyngeal adjunct) is that?

It is less likely to be rejected if the patient has a gag reflex

You are dispatched to a report of a child struck by a motor vehicle. Upon arrival, you find a 5-year-old male who was riding his bike when he was struck. Bystanders report that he wasn't wearing a helmet and witnessed his head striking the pavement. He is

Cheyne-Stokes

Cheyne-Stokes respirations are

indicative of a head injury.

The presence of apnea would mean

the patient is not breathing

The presence of eupnea would indicate

that the patient has normal breathing.

he presence of Kussmaul respirations would indicate

the patient is likely in a state of metabolic acidosis, or diabetic ketoacidosis.

Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?

Both the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract

The respiratory system has two main functions: the first is to deliver oxygen to the body. Which of the following is the second?

Remove carbon dioxide from the body

The heart has several properties that are unique to it as an organ. One of these properties can be explained as a positive relationship between stretching of the heart muscle and strength of contraction. The more the heart muscle is stretched (increased p

Frank-Starling mechanism

Perfusion of the coronary arteries occurs during which stage of contraction?

Diastole

A chronotropic effect refers to one that effects the heart's?

Rate

You are watching a basketball game with friends when an elderly man sitting next to you clutches his chest and goes unconscious. You assess and find him pulseless, direct a bystander to begin chest compressions, and ask that an AED be brought to you. How

Attach the AED and shock the man immediately, if advised.

A normal PR interval is how long?

0.12-0.20 seconds

Atropine will be most effective with which of the following rhythms?

Symptomatic Bradycardia

You respond to a patient for trauma to the chest. Pt is pale and diaphoretic and he complains of chest pain. BP 80/62, RR 24, HR 128. After your assessment, you suspect the patient is experiencing cardiac tamponade. What is the most appropriate treatment?

Oxygen, IV, 500 ml bolus, transport

While off-duty, you come across a middle-aged male lying on the sidewalk. You determine that he has no pulse and isn't breathing. What should be the first thing that you do to help?

Call for help and request that 911 be called

Your patient has a heart rate of 80 beats/min, a stroke volume of 70 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min. What is the cardiac output?

5600 ml/min

Your patient is a 77-year-old female with a history of angina, for which she currently is prescribed nitroglycerin. She is experiencing 5/10 chest pain. Vitals: HR 98, BP 88/68, R 16, SaO2 98%. You've performed a 12-lead EKG, taken a SAMPLE history, and d

Urgent transport

You are called to assist a 45-year-old male diabetic patient who is complaining of abdominal pain, vomiting, and weakness. You check his blood sugar and obtain a reading of 510 mg/dl. The highest treatment priority for this patient is?

Administration of a normal saline bolus

Which of the following is considered the fastest way to expel excess H+ ions from the body?

Use the H+ ions to create water and CO2 so they can be expelled by the lungs

The spinal cord is composed of:

Neurons

The neurotransmitter emitted by the sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron to adrenergic or beta-adrenergice receptor site is?

Norepinephrine

Which of the following pupil responses is most likely indicative of an irreversible brain injury?

Fully dilated, non-reactive to light

You have been called to a home by police after they were performing a welfare check. Neighbors hadn't seen the patient in several days which was very unusual and no one was answering the door. Police entered the home and found an 86-year-old female laying

Capillary refill time

An area within an approximately 3-foot radius around every person is called the:

Personal space

Sickle cell disease is a condition that primarily affects which of the following body systems?

Blood

Sickle cell disease is a

disorder that can cause severe pain due to the irregular shape of the blood cells

All of the following are signs of a mild allergic reaction, except?

Respiratory distress

You arrive at a rehabilitation home for a 46-year-old female with one-sided facial paralysis. SAMPLE history reveals the onset was rapid and first started three days ago. Excluding a stroke, what condition is your patient most likely suffering from?

Bells Palsy

Calculate the APGAR score for the following newborn: - Appearance: pink - Pulse: 120 - Grimace: sneeze - Activity: active - Respiratory: vigorous cry

10

You have been dispatched for an unknown medical at a private residence. Your patient is a 23-year-old female complaining of bilateral lower back pain. She states that she has been urinating frequently with pain for the last couple of days and has also had

Pyelonephritis

You are transporting a 27-year-old female in labor to the nearest hospital with lights and sirens on. The patient is G4P3 and she went into labor ten minutes before you arrived in the ambulance. Physical examination reveals crowning and it also appears th

Umbilical cord prolapse

Epiglottitis can be a life-threatening emergency in pediatric patients if it goes unrecognized. Which of the following is not one of the "four D's" that patients with epiglottitis typically present with?

Deafness

The "four D's" that a patient with epiglottis may present with are

dysphagia, drooling, dysphonia, and distress. The patient may present with one or more of these

You are emergently transporting a 28-year-old female patient who is in labor. A visual examination of her perineum reveals crowning but the infant's head begins to withdraw back inside. Which of the following deliveries is the patient experiencing and how

Shoulder dystocia; instruct the patient to hyperflex her legs to her abdomen and insert a gloved hand into the vagina - locate the humerus of the fetus and rotate it towards the sternum

Pyelonephritis

type of urinary tract infection where one or both kidneys become infected

Which of the following is not a sign of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient?

Wheezing

While assisting in the delivery of a child, you notice meconium staining. Your first action would be?

Suction mouth first, then nose while delivery is completed

When an infant's head is too big to pass through the birth canal, it is referred to as?

Cephalopelvic disproportion

When the legs deliver first through the birth canal, it is called?

Breech

You are transporting a 24-year-old female patient complaining of severe abdominal pain radiating to her back. Your partner suspects an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is defined as?

An ovum developing outside the uterus

Shoulder dystocia is when the fetal shoulders are wedged against which maternal structure?

Pubic symphysis

You are called to a suburban home at 5 AM where you find a distressed mother crying and yelling about her baby. She tells you that she had put her 2-month-old to bed at around 10 PM. The mother woke up at around 4 AM, and found her baby lying, unresponsiv

SIDS

While performing triage during a MCI, you encounter the following adult patient: unconscious/unresponsive, pulseless and apneic with warm skin. You reposition the patient's airway but the patient remains apneic and pulseless. What should you do next?

Triage the patient as "DECEASED" and move to the next patient

You have been dispatched for a possible anxiety attack. Your patient is a 48-year-old male who has become extremely agitated after learning of a family member's death. He is breathing rapidly, looking around wildly, and clenching his hands. He does not ap

Retreat and request law enforcement

Which of the following is not a component of spinal immobilization during a water rescue?

Out-of-water spinal immobilization

The three phases of spinal immobilization of a water rescue patient are:

in-water spinal immobilization, C-collar application, and backboarding and extrication of the patient from the water.

How close can emergency vehicles be parked to the landing zone?

They must be at least 30 feet away from the landing zone

You and a partner are dispatched on a non-emergent fall patient. However, on arrival, you surprisingly find an unconscious 52-year-old male that fell from a second-story window. How should you first proceed?

Call for additional ALS units

You are dispatched to 4 calls during your shift. Which one would you not respond to with your lights and sirens on?

Possible wrist fracture

Which of the following patients would not benefit from an aeromedical transport?

Multi-systems trauma patient in a motor vehicle crash that is 10 minutes (ground transport) from a Level 1 trauma center

JumpSTART triage is meant to be used during a MCI for?

Pediatric patients who are younger than 8 or weigh less than 100 lbs

Your department has sent five ambulances as part of a task force to the epicenter of an earthquake in a major city. Your task force has been assigned to the Madison Division. A division is defined by?

Geographic location

You have been dispatched to the scene of a drive by shooting. The patient is 10-years-old and has been shot in the neck, requiring immediate medical intervention. Dispatch is receiving information that the shooter is no longer in the area but bystanders s

Stage a safe distance from the scene and wait for police to secure the scene

According to the NREMT skill sheets, after direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding of a wound, what should be your next treatment decision?

Apply a tourniquet

You suspect a pneumothorax in a patient involved in an MVC. Your partner notes dullness on percussion, which most likely indicates?

Hemothorax

An 18-year-old female has sustained burns to her back and both arms. Based on the Rule of Nines, what percentage of body surface area has been burned?

36%

You arrive at the local elementary school where a 10-year-old male fell approximately 10 feet from a piece of play equipment. His respirations are shallow at 44 breaths/min, his right leg is deformed, and he isn't responding appropriately to commands. You

Apply a c-collar and ventilate with a BVM and supplemental oxygen

You are on scene of a motor vehicle crash. Bystanders state that your patient was originally unconscious but regained conscious just prior to your arrival. Your patient is a 19-year-old male who is adamant that the accident wasn't his fault and he doesn't

Epidural hematoma

You respond to an industrial accident where a 62-year-old male has been burned. The scene is secure and you find the patient with second-degree burns to his entire left arm and anterior torso. What percentage of his body surface area has been burned?

27

You are called to a community swimming center and find a 9-year-old female with respiratory distress. She is coughing and complains of pain in her chest. The patient's mom tells you that she was struggling to swim about an hour earlier and had to be helpe

Secondary drowning

You respond to a 20-year-old male who has venous bleeding coming from his upper arm and a small pool of blood gathering on the ground below him. How would you first treat this patient?

Have the patient hold a bulky bandage tightly against his skin

While working on a running engine, your 39-year-old mechanic patient, set his elbow down on a very hot part of the motor. He has a burn that covers the entire surface of his left elbow. What is your best estimate for the body surface area burned?

1%

When assessing patients with chemical burns, it is important to know the biochemical makeup of the agent causing the injury. The process by which acids burn skin that makes them less injurious than alkalis is called?

Coagulation necrosis

When taking a patient's pulse from this particular site on the body, there is a small risk of hypoperfusion to the brain. Which site has this risk?

Carotid

What is the term that refers to the external female genitalia?

Vulv

The use of oral contraceptives have been associated with all of the following side effects, except?

PID

Symptomatic Bradycardia

Atropine will be most effective with which of the following rhythms?

When performing rapid triage via the START method, what three criteria are you assessing?

Respirations, perfusion, mental status

Retreat and request law enforcement

You have been dispatched for a possible anxiety attack. Your patient is a 48-year-old male who has become extremely agitated after learning of a family member's death. He is breathing rapidly, looking around wildly, and clenching his hands. He does not ap

In order for Glucagon to be effective in a patient, the patient must have which of the following available in their body?

Glycogen

Glucagon

is a hormone normally found in the body. If a patient has no stores of glycogen in their body, glucagon will not produce the desired effect.

You have been dispatched for a medical evaluation at the request of police. Your patient is a 19-year-old male who consumed hallucinogenic mushrooms prior to entering a haunted corn maze. He became hysterical and violent when he encountered costumed parti

Secure all extremities with soft restraints including one arm over the patient's head and the other arm down by his side

You are dispatched to a football field where a 19-year-old male has a reported arm injury. Your scene is secure and you take BSI precautions. You have made patient contact, checked vital signs, and are now performing a physical exam. While splinting an ar

Ensure that the limb keeps as much CMS function as possible