Line
A path traced by a moving point has width and length. Lines can convey direction and motion.
example of line
Outline
defines a two-dimensional shape
Contours
boundaries we perceive of 3-D forms
Contour Lines
lines we draw to record those boundaries
Leading lines
create movement throughout a work
Flat-horizontal lines
Neutral/placid. ex. body in a repose state of rest
Vertical lines
assertive, defy gravity in their upward thrust
Diagonal
most dynamic and imply action
Implied Lines
ex. ". . . . .
Actual lines
They are lines that can actually be seen
Psychic lines
Occurs when one object point to another, the eye connect the two together.
Shape
2-D form occupies an area w/ identifiable boundaries
Boundaries
Can be created by a lines, a shift in texture, or in color
Mass
3-D form occupies a volume of space. Has height, width, and depth. can be geometric or organic/open or closed
Geometric (type of shape)
approx. regular shapes and vol. of geometry. uses Mathematical laws of geometry, mechanically drawn lines
Biomorphic/ Organic (type of shape)
irregular and evoke the living forms of nature
Figure
Shape we detach and focus on
Ground
surrounding visual information the figure stands out from the background
Positive Shapes
shapes we perceive as figures
Negative Shapes
shapes of the ground
Modeling
simulating the effects of light and shadow to portray optically convincing masses.
Values
shade of light and dark. Artist employ this to record contrast of light and shadow in the natural world, contrasts that model mass for our eyes.
Chiaroscuro
Italian for light and dark. ex. Leonardo Da Vinci a method for applying value to 2d piece of work to create the illusion of a 3d form
Hatching
Closely spaced parallel lines. The depth of a value depends on density, ex. more dots in a given area the darker it appears
Cross-hatching
dark values sets of parallel lines laid across the first
Stippling
areas of dots avg.out through optical mixing into values
What is so important about color
color is a function of light. W/out light = no color. Sir Issac Newton proved that colors are actually components of light
Color Wheel
A circular arrangement of hues used to illustrate a particular color theory or system.
Primary Color
Red, Yellow, Blue, #1, They cannot be made by any mixture of other colors
Secondary Color
Orange, Green, and Violet, #2, made by combining two primary colors
Tertiary/ Intermediate Color
#3, are the product of a primary and a adjacent secondary
Warm colors
Red-Orange Side
Cool Colors
Blue-green side
Palette
Wooden board on which artists traditionally set out their pigments, but it also refers to the range of pigments they select.
What are the three Color Properties?
Hue, Value, and Intensity
Hue
the name of the color
Value
relative lightness/ darkness. Range of specific color like Red: palest pink tint to darkest maroon shade.
Tint
Color lighter than the hue's normal value
Shade
Color darker than hues normal value
Intensity
Aka Chroma/Saturation. relative purity of a color. colors may be pure and saturated as they appear on the color wheel or they might be dull and softened. Pure color = high intensity. Dull color = low intensity. To lower this people use a combo of B & W (G
When pigments of different colors mix...
Darker and duller color becuz they absorb more colors form spectrum. Them more complementary a color is to one another the duller the mixture for they will subtract each other from the mix
Color Harmonies/ Color Scheme
is the selective use of two or more colors in a single composition
Monochromatic
Composed of variations on the same hue, often w/ differing of values and intensity. ex. different shades of blue
Complementary
colors directly opposite of each other on the color wheel. ex. red and green they "react with each other" more vividly = appear more intense next to each other
Analogous
combine colors adjacent to one another on the color wheel.
Triadic
composed of any 3 colors equal distant from each other on the color wheel
Restricted palette
artists limit themselves to few pigments and their mixture, tints, and shadows
Open palette
mixture of paints
Simultaneous Contrast
Complementary colors appear more intense when placed side by side
After-image
image that persists after the visual stimulus that first produced it has ceased. The mechanics of vision cause an afterimage to appear in the complementary hue of the original stimulus. impressionist painter used this. Simultaneous contrast. Warm= advance
What can color influence?
Color influences our perception of space and size. Warmer hues =larger size illusion high intensity & dark vales
Small size and receding suggest cool hues intensity of light value
Optical color mixture
Tendency of the eyes to blend patches of individual colors placed near one another so as the perceive a difference, combined color esp. Pointillism
Pointillism
19th Century, developed by Seurat in which pure colors were applied in regular, small touches, points that blended through optical color mixture when viewed at a certain distance
Response to color are
Cultural and intensely personal
Texture
Surface quality- smooth/rough/flat/bumpy/fine/ course. Is both literal and visual
Actual Texture
it is tactile- we can actually touch ex. prayer mat. both visual and actual textures
Visual Texture
less literal- marking our eyes associate with texture are there, whether than actually depict it or not
Pattern
decorative repetitive motif of design, can create vis. texture. Tends to flatten perception of mass and space
Space
dynamic visual element that interacts w/ lines and shapes and colors and textures of a work to give definition
3D Space
like the actual bodies we stand in space. SPACE HAS VOLUME and BOUNDARIES
2D Space/ Implied Space
picture plane- literal surface, other qualities and dimensions of space can be implied, tool it to overlap
Linear Perspective like Chiaroscuro
Constructed an optically convincing space to set forms in. This perspective is based in the systematic application of two observations. forms diminish in size as they recede. parallel lines receding into the distance seem to converge or till they meet at
Foreshortening
Pictorial space, linear perspective must apply to every form that recedes into the distance like humans and animal
Linear perspective
is based on a fixed viewpoint of an earthbound viewer
Atmospheric Perspective
Da Vinci "aerial perspective" = atmospheric
Isometric Perspective
Regular forms from picture plane use diagonal lines, but without allowing parallels to converge. 3D into 2D
Time and motion
Started in the 20th Century. Mobiles by Alex. Calder- motion
Kinetic art
Art that moves, gave us cinema, visual/digital animation
Light
natural and artificial. without this we would have no color
Visual form
Physical embodiment of an idea. Includes:
1. Materials and mediums the work is made.
2.The formal Elements/ Visual Elements
3. The principles of design
Visual elements
Building blocks of art and design. The formal elements of art are the basic units and the means artists use to create and design works of art. HELP US ANALYZE VIS. EXPER. and is a FUNDAMENTAL LANG. for discussion about WORKS OF ART
Shapiro
coined the word "femmages"-homages to the work of women
Movement
Design element that operates in the 4th Dimension
Sculpture in the round
viewer must move around a work to see the implied movement
Marcel Duchamp
creator of kinetic art
One of the leaders of the Dada movement that called his artwork "ready-mades" which consisted of found objects and other people's artwork.
Volume
Is the amount of space a form occupies
Light
to show the material world. IT help us understand forms and spatial relationships. two type natural and artificial. can be implied (2d) or actual (3d)
Subversive Texture
intentionally contradicts objects. evokes strang responses. like furry bowls.