Abstract Art
1. Art that is non-representation, purely autonomous and makes no reference to an exterior world. 2. Art that "abstracts" its images from the visible world
Daguerrotype
Photographic process invented by L.J.M Daguerre and patented in 1839 for fixing positive images on silver-coated metal plates, widely used, especially for portraits. Each daguerreotype is unique and the process was superseded by developments from the calo
empiricism
a theory of knowledge that maintains that truth can only be found in what can be sensorially perceived in the world around us. In art, it is used to describe an approach that considers that artworks should only show what can be seen with the eye.
primitivism
tendency of western artists to emulate motifs or techniques associated with so called primitive cultures. Artists such as Paul Gaugin believed that non western and pre industrial cultures were more authentic than industrialized Europe and North America
Romanticism
Beginning in the late eighteenth century and continuing throughout much of the nineteenth century, this was a movement in music, literature, and the visual arts that exalted in humanity's capacity for emotion.
Theosophy
It combines elements of eastern religions especially Buddhism and hinduism, with mysticism and an esoteric belief in the pursuit of spiritual knowledge
art nouveau
international philosophy decorative style of art, architect applied art-especially the decorative arts- that were most popular during 1890-1910. The name art nouveau is french for new art, which popularized the style. a reaction to academic art of the nin
arts and crafts movement
The Arts and Crafts movement emerged during the late Victorian period in England, the most industrialized country in the world at that time. Anxieties about industrial life fueled a positive revaluation of handcraftsmanship and precapitalist forms of cult
bauhaus
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of the 20th century, one whose approach to teaching, and understanding art's relationship to society and technology, had a major impact both in Europe and the United States long after it closed. It
constructivism
1.Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art movement to flourish in Russia in the 20th century. It evolved just as the Bolsheviks came to power in the October Revolution of 1917, and initially it acted as a lightning rod for the hopes an
Analytic Cubism
1.which forms seem to be 'analyzed' and fragmented
2.Analytic Cubism staged modern art's most radical break with traditional models of representation. It abandoned perspective, which artists had used to order space since the Renaissance. And it turned awa
Synthetic Cubism
1.which newspaper and other foreign materials such as chair caning and wood veneer, are collaged to the surface of the canvas as 'synthetic' signs for depicted objects.
2.Synthetic Cubism proved equally important and influential for later artists. Instead
Dada
cultural movement that began in zurich, switzerland during world war one and peaked from 1916-1922. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature-poetry, art manifestoes, art theory-theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its antiwar polit
De Stijl
De Stijl movement embraced an abstract, pared-down aesthetic centered in basic visual elements such as geometric forms and primary colors. e Stijl, which means simply "the style" in Dutch, emerged largely in response to the horrors of World War I and the
Degenerate art
was a term adopted by the Nazi regime in Germany to describe virtually all modern art. Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German, Jewish, or Communist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subjected to sanctions.
Der Blaue Reiter
1. German Expressionism, Der Blaue Reiter began in Munich as an abstract counterpart to Die Br�cke's distorted figurative style. While both confronted feelings of alienation within an increasingly modernizing world, Der Blaue Reiter sought to transcend th
Die Brucke
1.German Expressionism, Die Br�cke formed in Dresden in 1905 as a bohemian collective of artists in staunch opposition to the older, established bourgeois social order of Germany. Their art confronted feelings of alienation from the modern world by reachi
Fauvism
1.Fauvism, the first twentieth-century movement in modern art, was initially inspired by the examples of Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, and Paul C�zanne. The Fauves ("wild beasts") were a loosely allied group of French painters with share
Fin de Siecle
of, relating to, or characteristic of the close of the 19th century and especially its literary and artistic climate of sophistication, world-weariness, and fashionable despair. 2. : of or relating to the end of a century.
Futurism
1.avant-garde art movement of the 20th century, Futurism celebrated advanced technology and urban modernity. Committed to the new, its members wished to destroy older forms of culture and to demonstrate the beauty of modern life - the beauty of the machin
Impressionism
1.Impressionism can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting. Developing in Paris in the 1860s, its influence spread throughout Europe and eventually the United States. Its originators were artists who rejected the official, governme
Industrialization
The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen a
Japonisme
emulation of patterns and forms observed in Japanese inspired prints, textiles, ceramics, and screens
La belle epoque
a period in history characterized by the very rich's inability to deal with the grim reality of modern life, and, as a consequence, their retreat into a frivolous, fairy-tale kind of existence of their own making. Choosing to live out of time and place, t
Metaphysical School
Metaphysical painting originated with de Chirico. In Munich, Germany, where he spent his formative years, de Chirico was attracted to 19th-century German Romantic painting and to the works of the philosophers Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. T
Nabis
group of artists who, through their widely diverse activities, exerted a major influence on the art produced in France during the late 19th century. They maintained that a work of art reflects an artist's synthesis of nature into personal aesthetic metaph
Neoclassicism
refer to styles from the eighteenth century onwards and particularly those in architecture that looked back to the styles of the classical period of ancient greece and rome
Nonobjective art
Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are loosely related terms. They are similar, but perhaps not of identical meaning. Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art.
organic architecture
For him organic architecture was an interpretation of nature's principles manifested in buildings that were in harmony with the world around them. Wright held that a building should be a product of its place and its time, intimately connected to a particu
paris salon
1.Exhibition of work by members of the french royal academy of painters and sculptors were held in the salon.
2.Later in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries it was also co-opted for unofficial exhibitions put on by avant garde movements outside the art
post impressionism
1.Post-Impressionism encompasses a wide range of distinct artistic styles that all share the common motivation of responding to the opticality of the Impressionist movement. The stylistic variations assembled under the general banner of Post-Impressionism
prairie house
1.Prairie houses and other buildings were generally two-story structures with single-story wings. They utilized horizontal lines, ribbon windows, gently sloping roofs, suppressed, heavy-set chimneys, overhangs, and sequestered gardens.
2.Prairie style, in
pre raphaelite brotherhood
even rebellious young artists in London formed a secret society with the aim of creating a new British art. They called themselves the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and the name, whose precise origin is contested, nevertheless indicates the chief source of
realism
1.in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised many arti
representational art
art that seeks to depict the physical appearance of reality; also called objective art and figurative art.
images that are clearly recognizable for what they purport to be, such as a human figure, a banana, a tree, and so on. Such images need not be true
suprematism
is an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.
symbolist movement
Symbolism was both an artistic and a literary movement that suggested ideas through symbols and emphasized the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and colors. The works of some its proponents exemplify the ending of the tradition of representational